Kwarteng is a Ghanaian surname. It is of Asante origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Abigail Kwarteng (born 1997), Ghanaian high jumper Hiram Kojo Kwarteng Boateng (born 1996), British footballer Kwasi Kwarteng (born 1975), British politician and historian Kwaku Kwarteng (born 1969), Ghanaian civil engineer, economist and politician Moritz Kwarteng (born 1998), German footballer Nana Koduah Kwarteng, Ghanaian politician
See also Kwame Kwaten