This article presents a set of paradigms—that is, conjugation tables—of Spanish verbs, including examples of regular verbs and some of the most common irregular verbs. For other irregular verbs and their common patterns, see the article on Spanish irregular verbs.
The tables include only the "simple" tenses (that is, those formed with a single word), and not the "compound" tenses (those formed with an auxiliary verb plus a non-finite form of the main verb), such as the progressive, perfect, and passive voice. The progressive aspects (also called "continuous tenses") are formed by using the appropriate tense of estar + present participle (gerundio), and the perfect constructions are formed by using the appropriate tense of haber + past participle (participio). When the past participle is used in this way, it invariably ends with -o. In contrast, when the participle is used as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the noun modified. Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" (dynamic) passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
The pronouns yo, tú, vos,The pronoun vos and its verb forms are used in large areas of Central and South America for the second-person singular in the "familiar" or informal register, generally replacing (but in some areas coexisting with) tú. In Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay it is used in the formal register (but the familiar or T form of address). See Voseo. él, nosotros, vosotrosThe second-person plural familiar pronoun vosotros / vosotras is used only in Spain (except for the Canary Islands) and Equatorial Guinea; in the Americas its function is carried by ustedes. and ellos are used to symbolise the three persons and two numbers. Note, however, that Spanish is a pro-drop language, and so it is the norm to omit subject pronouns when not needed for contrast or emphasis. The subject, if specified, can easily be something other than these pronouns. For example, él, ella, or usted can be replaced by a noun phrase, or the verb can appear with impersonal se and no subject (e.g. Aquí se vive bien, 'One lives well here'). The first-person plural expressions nosotros, nosotras, tú y yo, or él y yo can be replaced by a noun phrase that includes the speaker (e.g. Los estudiantes tenemos hambre, 'We students are hungry'). The same comments hold for vosotros and ellos.
Regular verbs -ar conjugation (amar, 'to love') Non-finiteFormInfinitive amarGerund amandoPast participleamado (amado, amada, amados, amadas —masc. sing., fem. sing., masc. pl., fem. pl., respectively)Indicativeyotú vosél / ella / ustednosotros / nosotrasvosotros / vosotras ellos / ellas /ustedesPresentamoamasamásamaamamosamáisamanImperfectamabaamabas amabaamábamosamabaisamabanPreteriteaméamasteAll of the normative preterite forms for use with tú end with -ste. Colloquially, speakers frequently add a final -s to this form, thus (tú) amastes, temistes, partistes, etc.amastes / amasteThe preterite endings -stes and -ste are both in widespread use with vos — thus (vos) amastes and (vos) amaste, (vos) temistes and (vos) temiste, etc. The ending -stes is historically the original form used with vos. Normatively only the -ste forms are accepted. See amar in the Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy. amóamamosamasteisamaronFutureamaréamarásamaráamaremosamaréisamaránConditionalamaríaamaríasamaríaamaríamosamaríaisamaríanSubjunctiveyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentameamesamés / amesThe original present subjunctive form for vos has final stress, with an accent mark: amés, temás, partás, etc. In Rioplatense Spanish, these forms exist side by side with forms identical to the normative forms for tú (stress on the second-to-last syllable, no accent mark: ames, temas, partas, etc.). The normative form for vos is the one used in Rioplatense Spanish: see amar in the Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy.ameamemosaméisamenImperfect 1amaraamarasamaraamáramosamaraisamaranImperfect 2In Modern Spanish, the imperfect subjunctive in -ra is much more frequent than the form in -se, and the form in -se is virtually obsolete in the Americas. (In Mark Davies's Corpus del Español, the ratio of -ra to -se is about 7:1 for 20th-century Spanish.)amaseamasesGiven the respective geographical distributions of the imperfect subjunctive in -se (mostly Spain) and the use of voseo (only in the Americas), it is extremely unlikely that forms such as (vos) amases, (vos) tuvieses, etc. would occur.amaseamásemosamaseisamasenFutureThe future subjunctive is obsolete in Spanish, except for legal language, highly literary language, or fossilized expressions like sea lo que fuere 'be what it may, whatever it may be'.amareamaresGiven the "high" register of the future subjunctive in contrast to the informality of tú and vos, it is extremely unlikely that forms such as amares, tuvieres, etc. would occur in Modern Spanish prose or conversation.amareamáremosamareisamarenImperativeyotú vos ustednosotros / nosotrasvosotros / vosotrasustedesAffirmativeamaamáameamemosamad For every verb, the normative command form for vosotros ends with -d (amad, temed, partid, etc.), but the colloquial form ends with -r, making it identical to the infinitive (amar, temer, partir, etc.). When the object pronoun os is attached to make the corresponding reflexive forms (also called a "pronominal" verb), the -d is dropped, but the -r is not. Thus amad > amaos (normative) and amar > amaros (non-normative), etc.amenNegativeno amesno amés /no amesno ameno amemosno améisno amen
-er conjugation (temer, 'to fear') Non-finiteFormInfinitive temerGerund temiendoPast participle temido (temido, temida, temidos, temidas — masc. sing., fem. sing., masc. pl., fem pl., respectively)Indicativeyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresenttemotemesteméstemetememosteméistemenImperfecttemíatemíastemíatemíamostemíaistemíanPreteritetemítemistetemistes / temistetemiótemimostemisteistemieronFuturetemerétemerástemerátemeremostemeréistemeránConditionaltemeríatemeríastemeríatemeríamostemeríaistemeríanSubjunctiveyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresenttematemastemás / temas tematemamostemáistemanImperfect 1temieratemierastemieratemiéramostemieraistemieranImperfect 2temiesetemiesestemiesetemiésemostemieseistemiesenFuturetemieretemierestemieretemiéremostemiereistemierenImperativeyotúvosustednosotros / nosotrasvosotros / vosotrasustedesAffirmativetemetemétematemamostemedtemanNegativeno temasno temás / no temasno temano temamosno temáisno teman
-ir conjugation (partir, 'to split/depart') Non-finiteFormInfinitive partirGerund partiendoPast participle partido (partido, partida, partidos, partidas —masc. sing., fem. sing., masc. pl., fem pl., respectively)Indicativeyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentpartopartespartíspartepartimospartíspartenImperfectpartíapartíaspartíapartíamospartíaispartíanPreteritepartípartistepartistes / partistepartiópartimospartisteispartieronFuturepartirépartiráspartirápartiremospartiréispartiránConditionalpartiríapartiríaspartiríapartiríamospartiríaispartiríanSubjunctiveyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentpartapartaspartás / partaspartapartamospartáispartanImperfect 1partierapartieraspartierapartiéramospartieraispartieranImperfect 2partiesepartiesespartiesepartiésemospartieseispartiesenFuturepartierepartierespartierepartiéremospartiereispartierenImperativeyotúvosustednosotros / nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasustedesAffirmativepartepartípartapartamospartidpartanNegativeno partasno partás / no partasno partano partamosno partáisno partan
Irregular verbs
ser, 'to be (in essence)' This is an Oy-Yo verb. Stem: s-, fu-, er-, se-.
There are two ways to say "To be" in Spanish: ser and estar. They both mean "to be", but they are used in different ways. As a rule of thumb, ser is used to describe permanent or almost permanent conditions and estar to describe temporary ones. Non-finiteFormInfinitive serGerund siendoPast participle sido (never used as adjective)Indicativeyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentsoyeressosessomossoissonImperfecteraeraseraéramoseraiseranPreteritefuifuistefuistes / fuistefuefuimosfuisteisfueronFutureseréserásseráseremosseréisseránConditionalseríaseríasseríaseríamosseríaisseríanSubjunctiveyotú vos él / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentseaseasseás / seassea seamosseáisseanImperfect 1fuerafuerasfuerafuéramosfueraisfueranImperfect 2fuesefuesesfuesefuésemosfueseisfuesenFuturefuerefueresfuerefuéremosfuereisfuerenImperativeyotúvosustednosotros / nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasustedesAffirmativeséséseaseamossedseanNegativeno seasno seás / no seasno seano seamosno seáisno sean
estar, 'to be (in a state)' This is an Oy-Yo verb. Stem: esta-, estoy, este-, estu- (a-u).
Non-finiteFormInfinitive estarGerund estandoPast participle estado (never used as adjective)Indicativeyotúvosél / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentestoyestásestáestamosestáisestánImperfectestabaestabasestabaestábamosestabaisestabanPreteriteestuveestuvisteestuvistes / estuvisteestuvoestuvimosestuvisteisestuvieronFutureestaréestarásestaráestaremosestaréisestaránConditionalestaríaestaríasestaríaestaríamosestaríaisestaríanSubjunctiveyotúvosél / ella / ustednosotros /nosotrasvosotros /vosotrasellos / ellas /ustedesPresentestéestésesté estemosestéisesténImperfect 1estuvieraestuvierasestuvieraestuviéramosestuvieraisestuvieranImperfect 2estuvieseestuviesesestuvieseestuviésemosestuvieseisestuviesenFutureestuviereestuvieresestuviereestuviéremosestuviereisestuvierenImperativeEstar is often made pronominal in the imperative, especially in colloquial speech.yotúvosustednosotros / nosotrasvosotros / vosotrasustedesAffirmativeestá/estate For the imperative 'tú' form, the verb estar is systematically made pronominal (estarse) estáestéestemosestadThe usual conversational form is estar, which is not normative. For the pronominal estarse, the forms estaros and also estarse for some regions (instead of estaos) are not normative, but they are used in colloquial speech. The form estad is only used formally.esténNegativeno estésno estésno esténo estemosno estéisno estén
haber, 'to have (aux.)' Stem: hab-, h-, habr-, hay-, hub- (a-u).