The Eifelgau was a Frankish gau in the region of the present day Limestone Eifel in Germany.
Location and history The Eifelgau derives its name from the Eifel mountains between the Rhine, Ahr, Rur, Our, Sauer and Moselle rivers. It encompasses the source regions of the rivers Erft, Urft, Kyll and Ahr, and is thus located mainly in the northern and northwestern foothills of the Eifel.Hermann Aubin: Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande. Cologne, 1926, No. 7. The Gau was part of Lower Lorraine and belonged to Ripuaria. It corresponded geographically to the Eifel Deanery of the Diocese of Cologne.
Julius Caesar, in his reports about the Gallic War (58–51 BC), called the whole mountain range between the Rhine, Meuse and Moselle, the Arduenna Silva ("Arduenna Forest").Highland is arduenna. Roughly around the 7th century the Franks used the term Ardennes for the mountain range and divided their empire into gaus. The Eifelgau lay east of the Ardennengau.
Over the centuries the name Eifel, originally covering the same area as the Eifelgau, came to be used for a larger and larger region. In the meantime the German part of the mountain range became known as the "Eifel", while the Belgian, French and Luxembourgish areas on the other side of the border became the "Ardennes". An exception is the eastern part of Belgium, where it is still called the Eifel.
In the 11th century the gaus lost their political relevance.
Gaugraves The gau was ruled by gaugraves ("gau counts"): Albuin (died after 898), Count of the Eifelgau Erenfried (died around 969), Count of the Eifelgau Hermann (died 996), Count in the Eifelgau Ezzo (died 1064), Count in the Eifelgau Heinrich (died around 1061), Count in the Zülpich-Eifelgau Theoderich (died around 1086), Count in the Zülpich-Eifelgau
Settlements in the Eifelgau Ahrdorf, Antweiler, Aremberg, Arloff, Baasem, Bad Münstereifel, Barweiler, Betteldorf, Bewingen, Bouderath, Buir, Dahlem, Engelgau, Frohngau, Gilsdorf, Hillesheim, Holzmülheim, Insul, Iversheim, Kerpen, Kesseling, Lammersdorf, Lessenich, Leudersdorf, Lindweiler, Lommersdorf, Marmagen, Müsch, Nettersheim, Nohn, Oberbettingen, Pesch, Prüm, Reifferscheid, Ripsdorf, Roderath, Satzvey, Schmidtheim, Schuld, Sellerich, Steffeln, Tondorf, Üxheim, Weyer, Wiesbaum and Zingsheim.Heinrich Beyer u.a.: Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch Koblenz, 1860, S.XVIII ff
Neighbouring gaus Zülpichgau (old county of Euskirchen) Bidgau (region around Bitburg) Ardennengau (region around Malmedy) Mayenfeldgau (East Eifel) Ripuariergau (Rheinbach/Münstereifel) Ahrgau
Literature Hermann Aubin: Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rhinelande. Cologne, 1926. Eifel Club: Die Eifel 1888–1988. p. 33 ff. . Gerhardt Kentenich: Zur Stadt- and Gauverfassung im frühen Mittelalter. In: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter. 1932. Geschichtlicher Atlas der Rheinlande. 7th issue, IV.9: Die mediaeval Gaue. 2000, Map sheet 1, 1st attachment, revised by Thomas Bauer, .
See also List of medieval Gaue
References