Jacob Shaw's Regiment () was a Russian regular infantry regiment of the Russian Army. The regiments of the new order, or regiments of the foreign order ("" or "", ), was the Russian term that was used to describe military units that were formed in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire in the 17th century according to the Western European military standards composed of Mercenary officers and soldiers of Russian origin. Some number of soldiers and officers from Jacob Shaw's Regiment later participated in the New Russian Army reform that was done in cooperation with general Alexander Leslie with Boyar Boris Morozov.
History Formation During the Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618, a Regiment under the command of William Grim, later under Captain-Rittmeister Jacob Shaw, (both Scots) was in the service of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.Phipps, G.M. "Britons in Seventeenth-Century Russia: a study in the origins of organization, 1971 In August 1613, a Russian army commanded by Voevoda Dmitrii M. Cherkasskii laid siege to the Bely fortress. After putting up a stout defence for almost a month, the garrison switched sides, surrendered the fortress and took service with Russia's military force.Belsky Chronicle, at Russian National Library, Уваровское собрание, д. 569"Как мы, холопи твои, тебе государю твою государеву отчину город Белую здали" in Сташевский Е., Смоленская война 1632–1634 гг. Организация и состояние московской армии. Киев, 1919Babulin, I.B. The New Lines Regiments in the Smolensk War, 1632—1634 //Reitar, No.22, 2005 Voevoda Cherkasski was impressed by the garrison's skill and determination, and he reported that to Moscow.Steuart A. Francis, Scottish influences in Russian history, 1913 The , as the Russians called them, consisted of excellent, well-ordered soldiers with highly competent officers, it was raised in Scotland and another company was raised in IrelandLegislative act by boyar prince Dmitry Pozharsky to Scottish and Irish companies under command of Jacob Shaw. September 1615, Original, РГАДА. Ф. 150. Дела о выездах иностранцев в Россию. Оп. 1. 1615. № 3. Л. 18–18 об. Подлинник.Chester S.L. Dunning and David R.C. Hudson, “The Transportation of Irish Swordsmen to Sweden and Russia and plantation in Ulster (1609-1613)”, Archivium Hibernicum 66 by Catholic Historical Society of Ireland, 2013
Campaigns
In 1618, at least eighteen former members of the Belaia garrison served in military forces defending Moscow against a Polish army that contained many Irish and Scottish troops. Several of the were killed or wounded while defending the capital. At least six of them, including George Learmonth, played a decisive role in turning back Prince Wladyslaw's troops during intense fighting at Moscow's Arbat Gates in Bely Gorod. In that battle, Learmonth's bravery was on display "for all to see". When Lieutenant David Edwards was killed in the defence of Moscow, the Irish soldiers in his company immediately petitioned to have George Learmonth replace him. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and received fifteen rubles per month.
The regiment participated in several of the Russo-Crimean Wars against the Crimean–Nogai raids.Brian L. Davies, "Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe 1500–1700", 2007A. Fisher, Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade, Canadian-American Slavic Studies From 1626, all foreign mercenaries were known under Russian names, and after converting to Orthodox Christianity, they always received certain material benefits,http://www.hist.vsu.ru/cdh/Articles/part8/08-05table.htm Official list of landlords from regiment of William Grim and Jacob Shaw in Russian Service typically lands with serfs or rubles and clothes.
After 1629, it was quickly disbanded, with some soldiers moving to Sweden and others continuing their service under the command of Alexander Leslie of Auchintoul, later Patrick Gordon of Auchleuchries. Some of them first joined the Muscovite Reiter regiment of Charles d'Ebert.Reitar Regiment of Colonel Charles d'Ebert in years 7140 – 7142 (1632 – 1634)
1st Platoon Captain William Grim/Вилим Грим Captain-Rittmeister Jacob-James Shaw/Яков ШаGrosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 4066 Captain Andrew (Henry, Alexander?) Mowbray/Ондрей Мутр Poruchik John Wood/Ян Иванов сын, Вуд, landlord in Nizhny Novgorod Praporshchik William Durie/Вилим Дюри Praporshchik David Andrews/Давыд АдворецGrosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 1656 Praporshchik Peter Yuille/Пётр Юль (killed in action) Ensign George-Yuri Leirmont/Юрья Лермант Scribe John Fermor/Ян Фарфар Drummer Frank Sewell/Франциск Сеуль (wounded).In some records with his orthodox name Vladimir "...набатчик новокрещен Володимер Франц Сеуль" Doctor/Орн Бартень Andrew Anston/Андрей Ангстон, nobleman William Aston/Вилим Иванов сын, Анстон (Янстун), nobleman Arthur Armon/Артур Армон, nobleman James Auchterlony (Ouchterlony)/Якуб Охторлони, noblemanD. Fedosov, The Caledonian Connection, Aberdeen, 1996National Archives of Scotland, GD 52/1159. Copies of Testament of Alex Lord Forbes made at Stockholm, 6 April 1672. Reprinted in A. and H. Tayler, The House of Forbes, Bruceton Mills Edition, 1987 David Buist or Bruce/Давид Бюст, nobleman Andrew Henry Wood/Ондрей-Давид Вуд (Вод), nobleman, landlord in Galich Alexander Gordon/Александер ГордонGrosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 3900 It is possible that they are the same with Alexander Gordon, who was a Scottish officer in Russian service. He fought at the rank of ensign in the Smolensk War in 1632/34 along with his namesake Captain Alexander Gordon (ID 3897). William Car/Вилим Кар, nobleman Robert Kingan/Роборт Кинган, nobleman John Crichton/Ян Крихтон, nobleman Robert Cunningham/Робарт Кумнигем, nobleman, landlord in Nizhny Novgorod John Laundie/Ян Лунды Романов, nobleman Peter Monteith/Петр Мантет, noblemanPeter-Michael Menteith was an officer in the Russian army. In 1652 he was rewarded for conversion to Orthodoxy and "suffering imprisonment with the Turks". Network North: Scottish Kin, Commercial and Covert Associations in Northern Europe, 1603-1746 (2003), p. 93 Andrew Moutray/Андрей Марлы, nobleman Gilbert Mellick/Гиберт Мелех (Меллер), nobleman John Mowbrey/Ян Мубр, nobleman William Paul/Вилим Паул, nobleman Edward Paull/Едварт Андреев сын, Пауль Robert Stenson/Роборт Стинсон, nobleman (wounded) James Steele/Якуб Стыль, nobleman James Scott/Якуб Шкот, nobleman James Adamson/Якуб-Ульян Адамсон, Васильев, nobleman Adam Aikman/Адам Акмон, private William Arthur/Вилим Артор, private /Юрий Бах, private /Анц Брандоборк, private David Brown/Давыд Иванов сын, Брун, private /Михайло Венглин, private John Williamson/Анц Вилимсон, private James Drew/Якуб Дреф, private John Antzplatov/Иван Анцплатов-Кобылин, landlord in Rostov Arthur Antz/Антур-Юрий АнцHis sons were landlords in Beloozero: Анц Анцов сын Обрамов, Анц Юрьев сын Обрамов, Юрий Юрьев сын Обрамов James Duff/Якуб ДуфGrosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 3865 John Forbes/Ян(Якуб) Томасов сын, Фарбус William Harvie/Вилим Гарви-Ганри William Horne/Вилим Гарвин (with wife in Tula) John Gents/Ян Ген Peter (Patrick) Gordon/Петр Гордон John Gurthrie/Ян Горты, сын Адамов John Inglis/Ян Ингле(н)т David Laundie/Давыд Лунды /Ян Лян /Ян Мудр /Симан Клеиншмет Thomas Clelland/Томас (orthodox name Анофрий) Клилянт (wounded near Mozhaysk) William Clelland/Вилим (orthodox name Петр) Клилянт, landlord in Vologda, since 1627 in Nizhny Novgorod George Peebles/Юрья Пиблит Thomas Philips/Тумас ФилиповHe was Presbyterian of Gentry in Grosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 4037 /Александр Рар David Ruthven/Давыд Ровен (wounded)Grosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 4053 William Ruthven/Вилим Ровен-Радван (killed in action)Академия наук СССР, Отделение истории архив АН СССР. Приходно-расходные книги московских приказов 1619-1621 гг. Составитель академик С.Б. Веселовский. Издательство Наука, Москва 1983 г. РГАДА, Ф. 210. 213-239 William Shearer/Вилим Иванов сын, Шеир Allan Sympson/Алону Сымсон James Steele/Якуб Стиль William Steward/Вилим Стуарт /Анц Суцвент (Суцвелт) /Давыд Сухвалт Gabriel Yetts/Гаврил Яц
2nd Platoon Captain Thomas Wyeast/Томас Юстос Poruchik Neil O’Donald/Нил Одонол-Одонил Praporshchik Brian O’Donald/Брин Одонол Praporshchik Ian Bain/Ян-Осип Бан Ensign /Атеган (Отеган) Мартин, nobleman Scribe /Адрей Баба писарь Drummer /Балах Тарлах Drummer /Михелт Drummer /Ян Романов сын Терел-Терех /Ардор Иванов сын, Аганлон, nobleman /Якуб Акалан, nobleman /Бреян Акан (Окаян), nobleman, landlord in Vologda /Ардон Андох, nobleman /Донолт Аферон, nobleman Gabriel Bredon/Гаврила Юрьев сын Бреден (Бред)Gabriel Bredon was always mentioned as a nobleman from Ireland "Ирлянские земли шляхтич" Ian Broom/Ян Брун, nobleman, landowner at Alatyr /Он Яковлев сын, Грум, nobleman Ian Duffy/Ян Дуф, nobleman /Томас Ирис, nobleman /Варнава Килеварт, nobleman /Рыцерт Кумен, nobleman Thomas MacCurtain/Тумас Макартол, nobleman /Ян Макаф, nobleman Peter MacNailly/Петр-Павел Макноли, nobleman Donoaghie Macnamari/Данах Макнамори (Мангармов), noblemanGrosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 2857Due to Chester Dunning, Donoaghie Macgermerie was one of mercenaries from Ulster who was involved in O'Doherty's rebellion and get granted pardon by Sir Arthur Chichester, his son Jacob was ancestor of Kravtsovs Ian MacToole/Ян Мактуль, nobleman /Кал Рели, nobleman Ian Row/Ян Ро, nobleman /Юрий Фишгарец, nobleman Alexander Ardson/Александр cын Иванов, Ард(ов), private John Arnott/Ян cын Борисов, Арн(от), privateGrosjean & Murdoch, SSNE, ID 1660 /Брин Артан, private /Бриен Асирдон, private /Ян Ахи, private /David Bell/Давыд Бели, private Michael Bourke/Михель Бурк /Вилим Врим, private /Томас Вяст(Васт), private Richard Cax-Cox/Кирилл-Роман Куй, Кондратьев Alexander Gar/Александр Гарь /Ян Гети, private /Арт Донахи, private /Ляхлин Доск, private /Ян Дюри ирл, private /Михаил Камен, private William Carroll/Вилим Карил, private Ian Cook/Ян Кук, private /Рицерт Линс, private Art MacMahon/Арт Макмагони, private Conagher MacKeen/Конохор Макине, private /Торлах Магдермонт (Магин), private Arthur MacGinn/Арт-Ермоген Магин James MacAllen/Якуб Маканал Donoaghie MacKinley/Данах Макноли-Макнали Conagher MacKeen/Конохор Макине Michail Kriush/Михаль(orthodox name Maxim) Михайлов Круг Art MacKeen/Арт Магин, landlord in Vologda Thomas MacCurtain/Василий-Корнила, Мартынов Donoaghie O'Cahane/Донах Окаян-Окоян Ian O'Collins/Ян Околон (Orlov/Орлов)Ian O'Collins/Ян Околон in records from years 1627, 1629 and 1630 is known under name Ivan Orlov/Иван Орлов. It's discussable if Counts Orlov (the most known Grigory Orlov), which due to their genealogical tale were descended from some "Polish Germans" and originally were from Bezhetsky highlands are descendants of Ian O'Collins/Ivan Orlov which probably had some lands in the same region. /Доноль Маклукаш, private /Донолт Моклан, private Ian O'Kelly/Ян Окели, private Arthur O'Hanlon/Рури Одонол, private /Обонак Роборт, private /Обрин Калах, private /Околон Ян, private Niall O’Mara/Нел Омори-Мори, private /Смет Ян, private Brian O’Sirdan/, private /Рицерт Ускисен (Федор Устриков), private Jarlath Scrope/Скруп Джан, private Ian Parekh/Ян Парах, private George Peebles/Юрий Пиблиз, private Alexander Ward/, private Andrew Wood/Андрей Вуд, private
Scottish captain-Rittmeister Antz Op/Анц Оп and Irish Captain Siman Biy/Симан БийАкадемия наук СССР, Отделение истории архив АН СССР. Приходно-расходные книги московских приказов 1619-1621 гг. Составитель академик С.Б. Веселовский. Издательство Наука, Москва 1983 г. РГАДА. Ф. 210. Столбцы Приказного стола. № 45. Л. 200. "...во 122-м году выехали з Белой на государево имя два капитана Оп да Бий."
Assimilation in Russia