Piperno is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alessandro Piperno (born 1972), Italian writer and literary critic of Jewish descent Dolores Piperno, American archaeologist specializing in archaeobotany Franco Piperno (1943–2025), Italian physicist and political activist Reginald of Piperno, or Reginald of Priverno (ca 1230-ca 1290), Italian Dominican, theologian and companion of St. Thomas Aquinas