Matuška (feminine: Matušková) is a Czech surname, derived from the given name Matouš. Matúška (feminine: Matúšková) is a Slovak surname, derived from the given name Matúš. The Germanized form of the surname is Matuschka. Notable people with the surnames include:

Janko Matúška (1821–1877), Slovak poet, activist, and playwright Michael von Matuschka (1888–1944), German politician Szilveszter Matuska (1892–1945), Hungarian mass murderer and mechanical engineer Waldemar Matuška (1932–2009), Czechoslovak singer

See also Matuschka (born Joanne Motichka), American photographer, artist, author, activist and model

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