No. 3 Group RAF

No. 3 Group RAF (3 Gp) of the Royal Air Force was an RAF group first active in 1918, again between 1923 and 1926, then as part of RAF Bomber Command from 1936 to 1967, and recently part of RAF Strike Command from 2000 until it disbanded on 1 April 2006.

First World War No. 3 Group was first formed on 10 May 1918 as part of South-Eastern Area. No. 13 Group RAF was merged into No. 3 Group on 18 October 1919. Group Captain U J D Bourke took command on 30 November 1919. The Group was disbanded on 31 August 1921.

1920s Reformed in 1923, 3 Group was disbanded on 12 April 1926 at RAF Spitalgate by renumbering it No. 23 (Training) Group.

The 1930s and the Second World War

The Group was reformed at Andover, Wiltshire on 1 May 1936, under Air Vice-Marshal Patrick Playfair.An Introduction to Bomber Command No. 3 Group, accessed 30 May 2008 Ten months later Group HQ moved to RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk, a direct result of the Air Ministry's decision to form two new bomber groups and reorganise its existing groups. No. 3 Group was initially equipped with the ungainly Vickers Virginia and Handley Page Heyford, which was the RAF's last biplane heavy bomber.

With the arrival of the then revolutionary twin engined Vickers Wellington it was decided that No. 3 Group would be tasked with introducing the type into front line service. The first squadron in Bomber Command to be equipped was No. 99 Squadron RAF based at Mildenhall, on 10 October 1938. Air Commodore A A B Thomson, Playfair's successor, was killed on 8 August 1939 while viewing the bombing up of a Vickers Wellington of No. 115 Squadron RAF.An Introduction to Bomber Command No. 3 Group. Retrieved 1 June 2008. While under the fuselage, he slipped and was struck on the head by the rotating airscrew. Air Vice-Marshal J E A Baldwin took over the Group on 29 August 1939. By September 1939 the entire group (totalling six front line squadrons and two reserve squadrons) was fully equipped with an all-Wellington force totalling over 100 aircraft located at five East Anglian airfields. No. 3 Group continued to be primarily based in East Anglia for the rest of WWII. The Group's first wartime operations were attacks against German warships at Wilhelmshaven and Brunsbüttel.

Group HQ moved to Harraton House, Exning, Suffolk, in March 1940. On 2 April 1940, two squadrons were temporarily transferred to RAF Coastal Command and advanced bases in Northern Scotland, and they had hardly settled in before the Germans invaded Denmark and Norway.Philip Moyes, 'Bomber Squadrons of the Royal Air Force,' MacDonald, London, 1964, p. 334, via Royal Air Force, Bomber Command 60th Anniversary: No. 3 Group . Retrieved 1 June 2008. The squadrons went into action immediately and on 11/12 April one of them (115 Sqn) became the first RAF unit to bomb deliberately a mainland target (Stavanger Airport, Sola) during the Second World War. In September 1940 No. 3 Group Bomber Command assumed administrative control of No. 419 Flight, the first of the Royal Air Force Special Duties Service units. The group provided administrative support for all the Special Duties squadrons til the end of the war.

In 1942 the Group’s strength was almost halved when 7, 156, and 109 Squadrons were transferred to the newly created No. 8 Group – the Pathfinder Force.

No. 3 Group Headquarters – Harraton House, Exning, Suffolk.

Order of Battle, March 1943 +March 1943 No. 3 GroupBomber Command Order of Battle March 1943SquadronStationAircraft 15 SqnRAF BournShort Stirling 75 SqnRAF NewmarketStirling 90 SqnRAF RidgewellStirling 115 SqnRAF East WrethamWellington, Lancaster 138 (Special Duties) SqnRAF Tempsford, BedfordshireHalifax 149 SqnRAF Lakenheath, SuffolkStirling 199 SqnRAF LakenheathStirling 161 (Special Duties) SqnRAF TempsfordWestland Lysander, Halifax, Lockheed Hudson, Douglas Havoc, Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle, General Aircraft Cygnet 192 (Special Duties) SqnRAF Gransden LodgeHalifax, Wellington Mk.X de Havilland Mosquito, Wellington Mk.IC 214 SqnRAF ChedburghStirling 218 Sqn RAF Downham Market, NorfolkStirling

No. 3 Group controlled the following bases at various times between March 1943 and November 1944:

No. 31 Base No. 32 Base No. 33 Base RAF Stradishall (HQ), Suffolk RAF Mildenhall (HQ) RAF Waterbeach (HQ) RAF Chedburgh, Suffolk RAF Birch, Essex RAF Mepal RAF Feltwell, Norfolk RAF East Wretham, Norfolk RAF Waterbeach RAF Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire RAF Gosfield RAF Witchford RAF Wratting Common RAF Lakenheath, Suffolk RAF Shepherds Grove RAF Methwold, Norfolk RAF Birch RAF Newmarket RAF Gosfield RAF Tuddenham RAF Matching

After the invasion of Normandy, Bomber Command joined in the campaign against German oil targets. Although daylight bombing against targets within Germany itself still incurred too many casualties closer targets could be attacked by day with fighter escorts. 3 Group carried out blind bombing techniques by day using Gee-H.

Order of Battle, April 1945 +3 Group, April 1945Bomber Command Order of Battle, April 1945 15 Sqn RAF Bourn Avro Lancaster Mks. I and III 75 SqnRAF MepalLancaster Mks. I and III 90 SqnRAF Tuddenham,Lancaster Mks. I and III 115 SqnRAF WitchfordLancaster Mks. I and III 138 (Special Duties) Sqn RAF TuddenhamLancaster Mks. I and III 149 SqnRAF MethwoldLancaster Mks. I and III 186 SqnRAF StradishallLancaster Mks. I and III 195 SqnRAF Wratting CommonLancaster Mks. I and III 218 SqnRAF ChedburghLancaster Mks. I and III 514 SqnRAF WaterbeachLancaster Mks. I, II and III 622 SqnRAF MildenhallLancaster Mks. I and III Training units, e.g. No. 1688 FlightRAF Feltwell Headquarters Exning

Post war The Group HQ moved back to Mildenhall in January 1947. In June 1948, No.3 Group consisted of 35, 115, 149, and 207 Squadrons operating Lancasters from RAF Stradishall, Nos 7, 49, 148, and 214 Squadrons operating Lancasters from RAF Upwood, and 15, 44, 90, 138 Squadrons operating Lincolns from RAF Wyton.John D. Rawlings et al., 'The History of the Royal Air Force,' Temple Press Aerospace, 1984, p.187 For a period in the early 1950s several squadrons flew Boeing Washingtons, the British name for Boeing B-29 Superfortresses lent to the UK until the English Electric Canberra could enter service. Most of the Vickers Valiant and Handley Page Victor, squadrons, made operational in the late 1950s, formed part of No. 3 Group. During the Suez Crisis of 1956 Valiants of 138, 148, 207 and 214 Squadrons were deployed to RAF Luqa in Malta and the first Valiant attacks against Egyptian airfields began on 31 October 1956, with limited results due to the lack of experience operating the Valiant.

No. 3 Group was also responsible for the Thor ballistic missile between 1 September 1958 and August 1963, with ten squadrons, including Nos:-

each with three missiles, being equipped with the weapon.Martin Powell, "The Douglas Thor in Royal Air Force Service" , Rossendale Aviation Society – Article. Retrieved 2 June 2008.

During April 1962 the group also controlled:

On 1 November 1967 the Group was absorbed by No. 1 (Bomber) Group RAF.

The Group was reformed on 1 April 2000 to control Joint Force Harrier and maritime aircraft transferred from the former No. 11/18 Group RAF. It came under a Royal Navy officer, the Flag Officer Maritime Aviation. Rear Admiral Iain Henderson was the first occupant of the post, who also had the NATO roles of COMAIREASTLANT and COMMARAIRNORTH. AOC 3 Group/FOMA had two RAF subordinates, Air Commodore Harrier (for all the RAF Harriers and FAA Sea Harriers) and Air Commodore Maritime (for the Nimrods and SAR helicopters).Richard Cobbold, 'My Jobs: Joint Force Harrier Commander,' RUSI Journal, Vol. 145, No.3, June 2000, pp.21–27 After a further reorganisation in 2003-4, the group became known as the Battle Management Group and controlled the Airborne Early Warning aircraft, ground-based radar installations, maritime reconnaissance aircraft and the search and rescue helicopters in the UK. The group was based alongside Strike Command at RAF High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire.

In 2006 the Group consisted of:

3 Gp Headquarters – RAF High Wycombe

As from 1 April 2006, the stations and squadrons which were under the command of 3 Group RAF were brought under the command of No. 2 Group RAF.

Commanders 1919–1921 30 November 1919 Group Captain U J D Bourke 23 November 1920 Group Captain Arthur Longmore

1923–1926 16 April 1923 Air Commodore Tom Webb-Bowen 7 March 1924 Air Commodore Lionel Charlton 2 January 1925 Air Commodore Robert Gordon 1 October 1925 Air Commodore Ian Bonham-Carter

1936–1967 1 May 1936 Air Vice-Marshal Patrick Playfair 14 February 1938 Air Commodore A A B Thomson (killed on duty 8 August 1939) 29 August 1939 Air Vice-Marshal Jack Baldwin 14 September 1942 Air Vice-Marshal The Hon Ralph Cochrane 27 February 1943 Air Vice-Marshal R Harrison 28 February 1946 Air Vice-Marshal A C Collier Post vacant 9 July 1946 Air Vice-Marshal Robert Foster 18 March 1947 Air Vice-Marshal Lawrence Darvall 14 December 1948 Air Vice-Marshal Allan Hesketh 15 September 1951 Air Vice-Marshal William Brook 1 September 1953 Air Vice-Marshal Edmund Hudleston 2 February 1956 Air Vice-Marshal Kenneth Cross 4 May 1959 Air Vice-Marshal M H Dwyer 9 October 1961 Air Vice-Marshal Brian Burnett 5 August 1964 Air Vice-Marshal Denis Spotswood 26 November 1965 Air Vice-Marshal Denis Smallwood

2000–2006 1 April 2000 Rear-Admiral Iain R Henderson (Royal Navy – Fleet Air Arm) 24 July 2001 Rear-Admiral Scott Lidbetter (Royal Navy – Fleet Air Arm) 7 October 2003 Air Vice-Marshal A D White

No. 3 Group RAF

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