This is a timeline of the Tangut people and the Western Xia dynasty.
7th century 620s Year Date Event 628 Xifeng Bulai submits to the Tang dynasty
630s Year Date Event 630 The Tang dynasty bestows the imperial surname, Li, upon the Tanguts living in modern Yulin, Shaanxi 635 Tuoba Chizi submits to the Tang dynasty
680s Year Date Event 680 Tanguts flee the Kokonor region due to Tibetan pressure
690s Year Date Event 692 Tanguts migrate to Lingzhou and Xiazhou
8th century 720s Year Date Event 721 A Sogdian revolt in the Ordos region is suppressed with the help of Tanguts
730s Year Date Event 735 The name Tangut appears among the Orkhon inscriptions
9th century
870s Year Date Event 873 Li Sigong occupies Yuzhou 878 Li Guochang attacks the Tanguts
880s Year Date Event 881 The Tangut general Li Sigong assists the Tang dynasty in putting down the Huang Chao rebellion, and as a result receives Xiazhou, Suizhou, and Yinzhou as hereditary titles under the Dingnan Jiedushi
890s Year Date Event 895 Li Sigong dies and his brother Li Sijian succeeds him
10th century 900s Year Date Event 908 Li Sijian dies and his adopted son Li Yichang succeeds him 909 Li Yichang dies in a mutiny and his uncle Li Renfu succeeds him
910s Year Date Event 910 Li Maozhen and Li Cunxu lay siege to Xiazhou but Later Liang repels the attackers
930s Year Date Event 933 Li Renfu dies and his son Li Yichao succeeds him An Congjin of the Later Tang lays siege to Xiazhou but fails Khitans attack the Tanguts 935 Li Yichao dies and his brother Li Yixing succeeds him
940s Year Date Event 943 Li Yimin rebels against his brother Li Yixing and is defeated 948 The Yemu people rebel 949 Later Han gives Qingzhou to the Dingnan Jiedushi
950s Year Date Event 952 The Yezhi people rebel 954 Li Yixing becomes "Prince of Xiping"
960s Year Date Event 967 Li Yixing dies and his son Li Kerui succeeds him The Song dynasty recognizes the Dingnan Jiedushi as an autonomous state
970s Year Date Event 978 Li Kerui dies and his son Li Jiyun succeeds him
980s Year Date Event 980 Li Jiyun dies and his brother Li Jipeng succeeds him 982 Jiqian's rebellion: Li Jipeng of the Dingnan Jiedushi surrenders to the Song, but his cousin Li Jiqian rebels 983 Jiqian's rebellion: Li Jiqian and his cohort flee to the northern deserts 985 Jiqian's rebellion: Li Jiqian takes Yinzhou 986 Li Jiqian submits to the Khitans 989 Li Jiqian marries a princess of the Khitans
990s Year Date Event 990 Jiqian's rebellion: Li Jiqian conquers northern Shaanxi and accepts the title "King of the Xia State" (夏國王) from the Liao emperor. 991 Jiqian's rebellion: Li Jiqian calls upon the Tanguts to rebel against the Song dynasty 992 Jiqian's rebellion: Khitans attack the Tanguts 993 Jiqian's rebellion: Song dynasty bans Tangut salt from entering their borders 994 Jiqian's rebellion: Song dynasty deposes Li Jiqian 996 Jiqian's rebellion: Li Jiqian rebels with Tanguts and raids Song supplies 998 Jiqian's rebellion: Song dynasty legitimizes Li Jiqian as governor of Dingnan Jiedushi
11th century 1000s Year Date Event 1001 Tanguts capture Ordos 1002 Dingnan Jiedushi conquers Lingzhou, renames it Xiping, and makes it their capital 1004 6 January Li Jiqian dies in battle against the Tibetan state of Xiliangfu and his son Li Deming succeeds him Li Jipeng dies at the Song court 1008 Dingnan Jiedushi attacks the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom 1009 Dingnan Jiedushi attacks the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1010s Year Date Event 1010 Dingnan Jiedushi attacks the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom Tanguts request famine relief from the Song 1015 Dingnan Jiedushi takes Liangzhou from Xiliangfu but is ousted by the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom 1018 Khitans attack Dingnan Jiedushi but fail
1020s Year Date Event 1020 The Khitans attack the Tanguts but fail 1022 Li Deming moves the capital to Xingzhou 1028 Dingnan Jiedushi annexes the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1030s Year Date Event 1032 Li Deming dies and his son Li Yuanhao succeeds him as ruler of Dingnan Jiedushi Dingnan Jiedushi annexes Xiliangfu 1034 Li Yuanhao enacts the head shaving decree, allowing crowds to kill those who have not shaved their heads within 3 days Li Yuanhao raids Song dynasty 1036 Dingnan Jiedushi annexes the Guiyi Circuit, however Shazhou remains autonomous until 1052 1037 Li Yuanhao introduces a new Tangut script 1038 10 November Li Yuanhao declares himself Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia and renames Xingzhou to Xingqingfu 1039 Western Xia attacks Song dynasty but is repulsed
1040s Year Date Event 1040 Song-Xia War (1040–1044): Western Xia invades Song dynasty 1042 Song-Xia War (1040–1044): Western Xia conducts a full-scale invasion of Song dynasty but is repelled 1043 Song-Xia War (1040–1044): Western Xia attacks the Khitans 1044 Song-Xia War (1040–1044): Khitans attack Western Xia but fail Song-Xia War (1040–1044): Western Xia and Song dynasty cease hostilities in return for an annual payment of silk, silver, and tea from the Song 1048 Emperor Jingzong of Western Xia is assassinated and factional civil war ensues; his son Li Liangzuo becomes the nominal ruler Emperor Yizong of Western Xia 1049 Khitans attack Western Xia
1050s Year Date Event 1050 Khitans attack Western Xia and exact tribute 1052 Western Xia seizes Shazhou
1060s Year Date Event 1061 Civil war ends and Emperor Yizong of Western Xia secures the throne 1064 Yizong raids: Western Xia raids Song dynasty 1066 Yizong raids: Western Xia raids Song dynasty 1067 Song dynasty seizes Suizhou 1068 Emperor Yizong of Western Xia dies and his son Li Bingchang succeeds him as Emperor Huizong of Western Xia; Emperess Liang becomes regent
1070s Year Date Event 1070 Western Xia attacks the Song dynasty 1076 Trade of gunpowder ingredients with the Liao dynasty and Western Xia is outlawed by the Song dynasty
1080s Year Date Event 1081 Song-Xia War (1081–1085): Song dynasty invades Western Xia with initial success, but the odd failure to bring siege weapons and extreme supply problems cause widespread mutiny and the invasion turns into a massive rout, however Song forces retained Lanzhou Emperess Liang places Emperor Huizong of Western Xia under house arrest 1083 Emperess Liang restores Emperor Huizong of Western Xia to the throne 1086 Emperor Huizong of Western Xia dies and his son Li Qianshun becomes Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia 1089 Song and Western Xia conclude a peace treaty
1090s Year Date Event 1092 Western Xia attacks Song dynasty but fails 1097 Advance and fortify: Song dynasty conducts an advance and fortify campaign against the Western Xia 1098 Advance and fortify: Western Xia retaliates against Song incursions but fails to defeat Song fortifications 1099 Advance and fortify: Western Xia sues for peace
12th century 1100s Year Date Event 1103 Song occupation of Tsongkha: Song dynasty invades Western Xia 1104 Song occupation of Tsongkha: Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia marries a Liao dynasty princess 1106 Song occupation of Tsongkha: Song dynasty and Western Xia end hostilities and the war ends inconclusively
1110s Year Date Event 1113 Song-Xia War (1113–1119): Song dynasty invades Western Xia 1119 Song-Xia War (1113–1119): The war between Song dynasty and Western Xia ends inconclusively
1120s Year Date Event 1122 Western Xia sends an army in the aid of the Liao dynasty against the Jurchen Jin dynasty but fails 1123 Western Xia sends an army in the aid of the Liao dynasty against the Jurchen Jin dynasty but fails 1124 Jin dynasty vassalizes the Western Xia 1125 26 March Emperor Tianzuo of Liao is captured by the Jin dynasty; so ends the Liao dynasty
1130s Year Date Event 1136 Western Xia conquers the Kokonor region 1139 Emperor Chongzong of Western Xia dies and his son Li Renxiao succeeds him as Emperor Renzong of Western Xia The earliest extant text printed using wooden movable type, the Auspicious Tantra of All-Reaching Union, is printed
1140s Year Date Event 1140 Khitan exiles rebel under Li Heda and are defeated 1142 Famine and an earthquake strike the capital region killing tens of thousands 1144 Emperor Renzong of Western Xia introduces Confucian institutions into the government 1147 Western Xia starts holding imperial examinations
1170s Year Date Event 1170 11 October Ren Dejing is executed for conspiring against the Western Xia 1178 Western Xia attacks the Jin dynasty
1190s Year Date Event 1193 Emperor Renzong of Western Xia dies and his son Li Chunyu succeeds him as Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia
13th century 1200s Year Date Event 1205 spring Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Temujin of the Mongols raids Western Xia 1206 Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia is deposed by his cousin Li Anquan who becomes Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia spring Kokochu, also known as Teb Tengri, chief shaman of the Mongols, bestows upon Temüjin the title of Genghis Khan, "Oceanic Ruler" of the Mongol Empire, at the kurultai of Burkhan Khaldun, sacred mountain of the Mongols 1207 Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Mongols raid Western Xia 1209 autumn Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Mongols invade the Hexi Corridor and defeat a Tangut army before laying siege to Zhongxing, however they accidentally flood their own camp in the process of breaking the Yellow River dikes and are forced to retreat
1210s Year Date Event 1210 Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia submits to the Mongols and hands over a daughter in marriage to Genghis Khan as well as a large supply of camels, falcons, and woven textiles 1211 Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia dies and is succeeded by his cousin Li Zunxu who becomes Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia 1217 Western Xia invades Jin dynasty but is repelled 1219 Western Xia refuses to send auxiliaries for the Mongol Empire's western campaigns
1220s Year Date Event 1223 Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia abdicates to his son Li Dewang who becomes Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia 1225 Jin and Western Xia cease hostilities 1226 spring Mongol conquest of Western Xia: Genghis Khan attacks Western Xia Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia dies and a kinsman Li Xian succeeds him as Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia 1227 September Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia surrenders to the Mongol Empire and is promptly executed; so ends the Western Xia Tanguts flee to Kangding, Henan, and Hebei
15th century 1430s Year Date Event 1430 or 1432 15th day of 1st month Tangut translation of the High King Avalokitesvara Sutra () is printed. This is the latest dated printed text in Tangut.
16th century 1500s Year Date Event 1502 Two octagonal dhāraṇī pillars engraved with the Tangut version of the Dharani-Sutra of the Victorious Buddha-Crown are erected at the Temple of Promoting Goodness () in Baoding. These are the latest dated texts in Tangut.
References
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