List of quantum processors

This list contains quantum processors, also known as quantum processing units (QPUs). Some devices listed below have only been announced at press conferences so far, with no actual demonstrations or scientific publications characterizing the performance.

Quantum processors are difficult to compare due to the different architectures and approaches. Due to this, published physical qubit numbers do not reflect the performance levels of the processor. This is instead achieved through the number of logical qubits or benchmarking metrics such as quantum volume, randomized benchmarking or circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS).

Circuit-based quantum processors These QPUs are based on the quantum circuit and quantum logic gate-based model of computing.

Manufacturer Name/codename designation Architecture Layout Fidelity (%) Qubits (physical) Release date Quantum volume Alpine Quantum TechnologiesPINE System Trapped ion 24 128Alpine Quantum TechnologiesMARMOTTrapped ionFully connected99.96 (1 qubit)98.5 (2 qubits)20128Alpine Quantum TechnologiesIBEX Q1Trapped ionFully connected99.97 (1 qubit)98.7 (2 qubits)12128Alpine Quantum TechnologiesLYNXTrapped ion32768 Atom ComputingPhoenix Neutral atoms in optical lattices 100 Atom Computing Neutral atoms in optical lattices 35×35 lattice (with 45 vacancies) < 99.5 (2 qubits)Atom Computing Previews an 1180 Qubit Neutral Atom Processor, Quantum Computing Report 1180 October 2023CASXiaohongSuperconducting 504 Google Superconducting 99.5 20 Google Superconducting 7×7 lattice 99.7 49 Q4 2017 (planned) Google Bristlecone Superconducting transmon 6×12 lattice 99 (readout)99.9 (1 qubit)99.4 (2 qubits) 72. Google Sycamore Superconducting transmon 9×6 lattice 53 effective (54 total) Google Willow Superconducting transmon rotated rectangular lattice (see spec sheet) 99.965% (1-qubit), 99.67% (2-qubit), surface code error correction implemented 105 HRL Laboratories, LLC Digitally controlled silicon quantum processing unit Semiconductor silicon exchange-only spin qubits 3×6 square lattice, nearest-neighbor coupling 99.983 (1-qubit mean)99.65 (CNOT mean)99.91 (best reproducible CNOT) 18 (Up to) July 29, 2026 IBM IBM Q 5 Tenerife Superconducting bow tie 99.897 (average gate)98.64 (readout) 5 IBM IBM Q 5 Yorktown Superconducting bow tie 99.545 (average gate)94.2 (readout) 5 IBM IBM Q 14 Melbourne Superconducting 99.735 (average gate)97.13 (readout) 14 IBM IBM Q 16 Rüschlikon Superconducting 2×8 lattice 99.779 (average gate)94.24 (readout) 16(Retired: 26 September 2018) IBM IBM Q 17 Superconducting 17 IBM IBM Q 20 Tokyo Superconducting 5×4 lattice 99.812 (average gate)93.21 (readout) 20 IBM IBM Q 20 Austin Superconducting 5×4 lattice 20 (Retired: 4 July 2018) IBM IBM Q 50 prototype Superconducting transmon 50 IBM IBM Q 53 Superconducting 53 IBMIBM EagleSuperconducting transmon 127 IBM IBM OspreySuperconducting 433IBMIBM CondorSuperconductingHoneycomb 1121December 2023IBMIBM HeronSuperconducting 133December 2023IBMIBM Heron R2SuperconductingHeavy hex96.5 (2 qubits)156November 2024IBMIBM NighthawkSuperconductingSquare1202026-01-05 IBM IBM Ourense Superconducting T 5 IBM IBM Vigo Superconducting T 5 IBM IBM London Superconducting T 5 IBM IBM Burlington Superconducting T 5 IBM IBM Essex Superconducting T 5 IBM IBM Armonk Superconducting Single Qubit 1 IBM IBM Athens Superconducting 532 IBM IBM Belem Superconducting Falcon r4T 516 IBM IBM Bogotá Superconducting Falcon r4L 532 IBM IBM Casablanca Superconducting Falcon r4H 7 (Retired – March 2022)32 IBM IBM Dublin Superconducting 2764 IBM IBM Guadalupe Superconducting Falcon r4P 1632 IBM IBM Kolkata Superconducting 27128 IBM IBM Lima Superconducting Falcon r4T 58 IBM IBM Manhattan Superconducting 6532 IBM IBM Montreal Superconducting Falcon r4 27128 IBM IBM Mumbai Superconducting Falcon r5.1 27128 IBM IBM Paris Superconducting 2732 IBM IBM Quito Superconducting Falcon r4T 516 IBM IBM Rome Superconducting 532 IBM IBM Santiago Superconducting 532 IBM IBM Sydney Superconducting Falcon r4 2732 IBM IBM Toronto Superconducting Falcon r4 2732 Intel 17-Qubit Superconducting Test Chip Superconducting 40-pin cross gap 17 Intel Tangle Lake Superconducting 108-pin cross gap 49 IntelTunnel FallsSemiconductor spin qubits12IonQHarmonyTrapped ionAll-to-All99.73 (1 qubit), 90.02 (2 qubit), 99.30 ()118IonQAriaTrapped ionAll-to-All99.97 (1 qubit), 98.33 (2 qubit), 98.94 ()25 IonQ Forte Trapped ion 366x1 chain All-to-All 99.98 (1 qubit),98.5–99.3 (2 qubit), 99.56 () 36 (earlier 32) IQM - Superconducting Star 99.91 (1 qubit) 99.14 (2 qubits) 5 IQM - Superconducting Square lattice 99.91 (1 qubit median),99.944 (1 qubit max), 98.25 (2 qubits median),99.1 (2 qubits max) 20 16 M Squared LasersMaxwell Neutral atoms in optical lattices 99.5 (3-qubit gate), 99.1 (4-qubit gate) 200 Oxford Quantum CircuitsLucy Superconducting 8 Oxford Quantum CircuitsOQC Toshiko Superconducting (Coaxmon) 32 QuandelaAscellaPhotonics 99.6 (1 qubit)93.8 (2 qubits)86.0 (3 qubits)6QuTech at TU DelftSpin-2Semiconductor spin qubits99 (average gate)85 (readout)2QuTech at TU DelftStarmon-5SuperconductingX configuration97 (readout)5QuTech at TU Delft - Semiconductor spin qubits6 QuantinuumH1-2 Trapped ion All-to-All 99.996 (1 qubit) 99.7 (2 qubit) 12 4096 QuantinuumH1-1 Trapped ion 15×15 (Circuit Size) 99.996 (1 qubit) 99.914 (2 qubit) 20 1,048,576QuantinuumH2Trapped ionRacetrack, All-to-All99.997 (1 qubit)99.87 (2 qubit)56 (earlier 32)8,388,608QuantinuumHeliosTrapped ionStorage ring and legs99.9975 (1 qubit), 99.921 (2 qubit)98November 2025 QuantwareSoprano Superconducting 99.9 (1 qubit gates) 5 QuantwareContralto Superconducting 99.9 (1-qubit gates) 25 QuantwareTenor Superconducting 64 Rigetti Acorn Superconducting transmon 98.63 (1 qubit gates), 87.5 (2 qubit gates) 19 Rigetti Agave Superconducting 96 (1 qubit gates), 87 (2 qubit gates) 8 Rigetti Aspen-1 Superconducting 93.23 (1 qubit gates), 90.84 (2 qubit gates) 16 RigettiAspen-4 Superconducting99.88 (1 qubit gates), 94.42 (2 qubit gates)13RigettiAspen-7 Superconducting99.23 (1 qubit gates), 95.2 (2 qubit gates)28RigettiAspen-8 Superconducting99.22 (1 qubit gates), 94.34 (2 qubit gates)31RigettiAspen-9 Superconducting99.39 (1 qubit gates), 94.28 (2 qubit gates)32RigettiAspen-10 Superconducting99.37 (1 qubit gates), 94.66 (2 qubit gates)32RigettiAspen-11 SuperconductingOctagonal99.8 (1 qubit gates), 92.7 (2 qubit gates CZ), 91.0 (2 qubit gates XY)40RigettiAspen-M-1Superconducting transmonOctagonal99.8 (1 qubit gates), 93.7 (2 qubit gates CZ) 94.6 (2 qubit gates XY)808RigettiAspen-M-2Superconducting transmon99.8 (1 qubit gates), 91.3 (2 qubit gates CZ), 90.0 (2 qubit gates XY)80 Rigetti Aspen-M-3 Superconducting transmon 99.9 (1 qubit gates), 94.7 (2 qubit gates CZ), 95.1 (2 qubit gates XY) 80 Rigetti Ankaa-2 Superconducting transmon 98 (2 qubit gates) 84 RigettiAnkaa-3Superconducting transmon99.91 (1 qubit gates), 98.6 (2 qubit gates)82December 23, 2024RigettiCepheus-1-108QSuperconducting transmon99.54 (1 qubit gates), 98.97 (2 qubit gates CZ)108April 7, 2026 RIKEN RIKENSuperconducting 53 effective (64 total) SaxonQ Princess Nitrogen-vacancy center 4 SaxonQ Princess+ Nitrogen-vacancy center 4 SpinQTriangulum Nuclear magnetic resonance 3 USTC Jiuzhang Photonics 76 USTC Zuchongzhi Superconducting 62 USTCZuchongzhi 2.1Superconductinglattice99.86 (1 qubit gates), 99.41 (2 qubit gates), 95.48 (Readout)66USTCZuchongzhi 3.0Superconducting transmon15 x 799.90 (1 qubit gates), 99.62 (2 qubit gates), 99.18 (Readout)105December 16, 2024XanaduX8 Photonics (Continuous-variable) 8 XanaduX12Photonics (Continuous-variable) 12 XanaduX24Photonics (Continuous-variable) 24 XanaduBorealisPhotonics (Continuous-variable) 216

Annealing quantum processors These QPUs are based on quantum annealing, not to be confused with digital annealing. Manufacturer Name/Codename /Designation Architecture Layout Fidelity (%) Qubits Release date D-Wave D-Wave One (Rainier) Superconducting C4 = Chimera(4,4,4) = 4×4 K4,4 128 D-Wave D-Wave Two Superconducting C8 = Chimera(8,8,4) = 8×8 K4,4 512 D-Wave D-Wave 2X Superconducting C12 = Chimera(12,12,4) = 12×12 K4,4 1152 D-Wave D-Wave 2000Q Superconducting C16 = Chimera(16,16,4) = 16×16 K4,4 2000 D-Wave D-Wave Advantage Superconducting Pegasus P16 5000 D-WaveD-Wave Advantage 2SuperconductingZephyr Z15 44002025

Analog quantum processors These QPUs are based on analog Hamiltonian simulation. Manufacturer Name/Codename/Designation Architecture Layout Fidelity (%) Qubits Release date QuEra Aquila Neutral atoms 256

See also Quantum programming Timeline of quantum computing and communication

References