Introduction
Caenorhabditis castelli is a species of Caenorhabditis nematodes, a member of the same genus as the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Within this genus, C. castelli belongs to the Drosophilae super-group, and Angaria group. This species is a close relative of C. angariaKiontke KC, Felix MA, Ailion M, Rockman MV, Braendle C, Penigault J-B, Fitch D (2011). "A phylogeny and molecular barcodes for Caenorhabditis, with numerous new species from rotting fruits". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 11:339. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-339 and was referred to as "C. sp. 12" prior to 2014.Felix M-A, Braendle C, Cutter AD (2014). "A streamlined system for species diagnosis in Caenorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with name designations for 15 distinct biological species". PLOS ONE. 9: e94723. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094723 C. castelli was discovered from rotting Micropholis cayennensis fruit in the Nouragues Nature Reserve of tropical French Guiana in 2008. It is one of the rarest species found in French Guiana.Ferrari C, Salle R, Callemeyn-Torre N, Jovelin R, Cutter AD, Braendle C (2017). "Ephemeral-habitat colonization and neotropical species richness of Caenorhabditis nematodes". BMC Ecology. 17(43). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-017-0150-z
Anatomy
The mean body length of adult female C. castelli was measured to be 1212.24 μm and for adult males, 827.61 μm, which is comparable to the average male body size of the model organism C. elegans (824.74 μm).Vielle, A., Callemeyn-Torre, N., Gimond, C., Poullet, N., Gray, J. C., Cutter, A. D., & Braendle, C. (2016). "Convergent evolution of sperm gigantism and the developmental origins of Sperm size variability in Caenorhabditis nematodes". Evolution. 70(11) http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/evo.13043
Spicule shape The spicules of C. castelli males possess a short, stout, evenly curved, complex morphology, similar to other Caenorhabditis species within the Angaria and Drosophila groups.
Reproduction
Like most species of Caenorhabditis, C. castelli demonstrates a gonochoristic, or male-female, mode of reproduction, as opposed to C. elegans and C. briggsae which demonstrate an androdioecious mode of reproduction, such that populations primarily include self-fertile hermaphrodites with more rare males. Notably, C. castelli mates in a spiral mating style, where the male wraps around the female with its posterior end,Sudhaus W, Kiontke K, Giblin-Davis RM (2011). "Description of Caenorhabditis angaria n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), an associate of sugarcane and palm weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)". Nematology. 13(1),61-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410X500334Sudhaus W, Kiontke K (2007). "Comparison of the cryptic nematode species Caenorhabditis brenneri sp. n and C. remanei (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) with the stem species pattern of the Caenorhabditis Elegans group. Zootaxa. 1456: 45-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1456.1.2 a characteristic shared with other species in the Angaria group.
C. castelli males contain larger sperm cells (28.81 μm2) on average compared to hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis species like C. elegans (19.55 μm2), C. briggsae (18.65 μm2) and C. tropicalis (19.81 μm2).
Hybridization In the lab, C. castelli can hybridize with C. angaria to produce sterile females and slow growing males. Hybridization of C. castelli with C. quiockensis was attempted, but the two species failed to hybridize.
References