Cottingham is a large village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies north-west of the centre of Kingston upon Hull, and south-east of Beverley on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds. It has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street, which cross each other near the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, and a market square called Market Green. Cottingham had a population of 17,164 residents in 2011, making it larger by area and population than many towns. As a result, it is one of the villages claiming to be the largest village in England.
History
Toponymy The name Cottingham is believed to derive from an Old English man's name Cot(t)a plus -ingaham, meaning the "Homestead/village of Cott's/Cotta's people". Archaic spellings include Cotingeham (Domesday, 1086), and Cotingham, Cottingham and Cotyngham (1150s).
Medieval period
The pre-Conquest owner of Cottingham was Gamel, the son of Osbert, during the reign of Edward the Confessor in the 11th century. After the Norman Conquest of England the land was in the possession of Hugh fitzBaldric. At this time, the Domesday Book (1086) shows the Cottingham manor included a mill, five fisheries, woodland and farm land.Sources: In 1089 the manor was given to Robert Front de Boeuf, founder of the de Stuteville family line. "The Domesday Book records that Cottingham passed from Gamel son of Osbert to Hugh FitzBaldric after the Norman Conquest, but shortly after 1089 FitzBaldric's Yorkshire lands were forfeited and passed to Robert Front de Boeuf who founded the de Stuteville line" Cottingham was, at this time, in the hundred of Welton in the historic county of Yorkshire.
In 1201, a licence to fortify was obtained by William de Stuteville, marking the beginnings of Baynard Castle., Site of Baynard Castle The ownership of the manor passed to the de Wake family through de Stuteville's granddaughter Joan, who married Hugh de Wake. In 1327 further licence to crenellate the castle was given to Thomas Wake. According to legend, the manor house at the castle was destroyed by its owner, in 1541, on account of a proposed visit by Henry VIII; the owner, fearing the monarch's intentions towards his wife, sought to prevent the King's visit by ordering the arson of his own home. To the north-west of the village there was a deer park, first recorded in the 13th century. The park was 4 leagues (12 miles) in circumference and located in the area now known as Cottingham Park, including Crowle Park and Burn Park; it is thought to have fallen out of use and been let for pasture by the 16th century., former Deer park
Thomas de Cottingham, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England in 1349 and later Master of the Rolls in Ireland, was born in Cottingham in about 1300 and died 1370.
In 1319, Thomas de Wake received a charter allowing Cottingham to have two annual fairs and a weekly market; he also founded an Augustinian priory, licensed in 1320, and built by 1322. Due to potential disputes over the land it was built on, the priory moved to Newton south of Cottingham in 1325, becoming known as Haltemprice Priory.Sources:, Cottingham priory
By 1352, the lordship of Cottingham had passed from the de Wake family through Thomas Wake's sister Margaret Wake, who married Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (1301–1330) to John, 3rd Earl of Kent (1330–1352). On John's death, the manor passed to Margaret's daughter Joan of Kent ('The Fair Maid of Kent'), from whom the estate passed to Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, her eldest son (whose stepfather was Edward the Black Prince). In 1407, with the Holland family line lacking a male heir, Cottingham was divided into three separate manors, known as Cottingham Richmond, Cottingham Westmoreland, and Cottingham Powis – each incorporated into the estates of the Duke of Richmond; the Earl of Westmoreland and Lord Powis through their marriages to Thomas Holland's daughters.
The Anglican parish church, St Mary's Church, Cottingham, was built between 1272 and 1370; it is a large cruciform stone-built church in a mixture of the decorated and perpendicular Gothic styles. The tower was built in the 15th century.Sources:, St Mary's church Nicholas de Luda (died 1382), a capuchin friar, who built or re-built the chancel, is commemorated by a monumental brass in the church. The church was designated a Grade I listed building in 1967.
After 1376, dikes were made to supply water to Kingston upon Hull with fresh water from a source between Cottingham and Anlaby; in 1392, some inhabitants of Cottingham and Anlaby rioted, and about 1,000 people laid siege to Kingston upon Hull, threatening to raze it to the ground. The siege was ultimately unsuccessful with some of the ringleaders hanged at York; their complaint was the extraction of water which they said had deprived them of water, as well the dike having damaged their fields.
After 1402, the water supply of Hull was further improved, bringing more hostility from the surrounding area; the construction of the channel was sabotaged, and the builders attacked; later salt water was let into the Hull supply, and the water was tainted with the carcasses of dead animals. Disputes over the matter continued until resort was made to the Pope (Alexander V), whose successor issued an admonitory letter (20 July 1413), urging them to desist for their own spiritual well-being, after which the nuisance ceased.Sources:
1500–1850
By 1661, the manor house of Southwood Hall had been built to the south-east of the village and is now designated a Grade II* listed building., Southwood Hall, , surrounded by 20th century urban development A schoolhouse was established in the village by John Wardle in around 1666, near to the churchyard. Wardle also established an almshouse adjacent to it, but died in 1668 before it was completed.
In 1712, Mark Kirby left an endowment of land to support the school, renaming the school the Mark Kirby Free School. The church of Saint Mary had pinnacles added to the tower in the 18th century, which may have been strengthened in the same period, other additions included monuments to Ralph Burton (died 1768) and William Burton of Hotham (died 1764). A workhouse, now known as the 'Church House' adjacent to the church grounds was built in 1729 (later modified).
A Georgian villa, later known as 'Kingtree House' was built on King Street around 1750 by Hull merchant Samuel Watson. The gardens were noted by Arthur Young on his tour of northern England ().Sources:
Snuff was manufactured in the south of the village in the 18th century; towards the end of the century a large mill owned by Quaker William Travis was producing 15 hundredweight of snuff per week. William Travis had a three-storied house built in 1750 next to the mill., Snuff Mill House
The road from Cottingham to Hull connected with the Hull to Beverley Road (turnpiked by the Kingston-upon-Hull and Beverley Road Act 1743 (17 Geo. 2. c. 25) of 1744) at Newland toll bar; it was turnpiked as an extension of the Hull to Beverley Road by the Kingston-upon-Hull and Beverley Road Act 1764 (4 Geo. 3. c. 66). A road from Beverley to Hessle, connecting with the Cottingham to Newlands turnpike was turnpiked by the Beverley to Hessle Ferry Turnpike Act 1769 (9 Geo. 3. c. 79).
William Travis also acquired land on Thwaite Street in the 1770s and by 1795 had built Cottingham Hall, one of the largest dwellings in the village;, Cottingham Hall (demolished, mid 20th century) it joined other substantial houses including Cottingham House (built pre 1744);, Cottingham House (demolished, second half 20th century) Newgate House (built );, Newgate House Eastgate House (begun 1776);Sources:, Eastgate House Westfield (1778);, Westfield House, later Westfield Country Club, later Fair Maid public house. 'Green Wickets' (formerly 'Sycamores', built );Sources:, The Green Wickets, formerly Sycamores and Northgate House (later Northfields House, built 1780, extended in 1820)., Northfield or Northgate House, after 1928 part of Hull University, renamed Needler Hall and extended By the beginning of the 19th century it was noted as:
The population of the village in 1792 was 1178 in 284 houses; in addition to being noted as a desirable place to live, the village was also noted as a centre of market gardening, supplying Hull. Other employment activities included two breweries, and a carpet factory (1811).
Several notable houses and halls were constructed in and around Cottingham at around the turn of the 19th century: to the north-west of the village; Cottingham Grange (built 1801); and the nearby Harland Rise (built ); south-east of the village, on the road to Hull, Springfield House, (early 19th or last decade of the 18th century);Sources:, Springfield House within the village: Beech House on Northgate;Sources:, Beech House, Northgate and Thwaite House (built between 1803 and 1807)., Thwaite House and associated gardens, later Thwaite Hall, Hull University residence
In 1814–6, Thomas Thompson (1754–1828) had a large Gothic house built on high ground about west of Cottingham, having acquired of land in 1800; the house became known as Cottingham Castle.Sources: The house burnt down in 1861, although the Castle Hill Tower folly is still extant., Prospect Tower, Cottingham Castle follySources: Thompson also paid for the reconstruction and expansion of a Wesleyan chapel in 1814, (original building built 1803) and was instrumental in the establishment of land set aside for poor families; in 1819 the parish officers reserved of land, previously used to fund repairs for the church, for the use of twenty families. Originally named Pauper Village, it was renamed "New Village" in 1829., (Pauper village), New Village
A chapel for the Independents, Zion Chapel, was established in 1819, replacing a pre-1800 Presbyterian building., Zion Chapel, Hallgate The chapel is now designated a Grade II* listed building and an adjoining 1802 minister's house is Grade II listed. A Primitive Methodist chapel was constructed in 1828., ex-Primitive Methodist chapel, King Street A new Methodist church was built in 1878/9., Methodist church, 1878/9, Hallgate
Elmtree House was built in the early 1800s for John Hebblewhite, Hull draper.
By 1837, the population of Cottingham was nearly 2,500, with over 500 houses. The interior and exteriors of the Church of Saint Mary were restored and renovated in 1845 and 1892 respectively. Monuments to Thomas Thompson (died 1828), and Thomas Perronet Thompson were added in the 19th century. The current (2012) Arlington Hall and Mark Kirby school buildings adjacent to the church were built in the mid 19th century.
The rail network reached Cottingham in October 1846, with the opening of Cottingham railway station and the Hull and Bridlington Railway extension of the Hull and Selby Railway. Cottingham station was built close to and east of the village centre.Sources: see Cottingham railway station, Cottingham railway station After the arrival of the railway housing development began for the middle classes of Hull; resulting in the construction of terraced and semi-detached villas.
1850 to present