Chastain is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Benny Chastain (1942–2025), American racing driver Brandi Chastain (born 1968), American soccer player David Chastain (born 1963), American guitarist Don Chastain (1935–2002), American actor, singer and screenwriter Elijah Webb Chastain (1813–1874), American politician, soldier and lawyer James Garvin Chastain Sr., co-founder of the National Baptist Convention of Mexico Jane Chastain (born 1943), American sports announcer and conservative political writer and commentator Jessica Chastain (born 1977), American actress and film producer Ken Chastain (born 1964), American musician, engineer, and producer Michael Chastain (born 1955), blind American athlete who played high school football in Troy, Michigan Ross Chastain (born 1992), American professional stock car racing driver Thomas Chastain (1921–1994), American author of crime fiction
Fictional characters Misery Chastain, protagonist of fictitious romance novels in Stephen King's book Misery Darryl Louise Chastain, character in Thomas Pynchon's book Vineland