Germany–Mongolia relations are the bilateral relations between Germany and Mongolia. Historically, the Mongolian People's Republic had close ties to the German Democratic Republic, which has persisted to this day. Mongolia established ties with the Federal Republic of Germany in 1974.
History Early contacts The earliest contact between Germanic and Mongol peoples are said to have occurred in 1241, during the Battle of Legnica, with the Mongols under Baidar proving victorious over a combined force of Poles, Moravians, and Germans, though the Mongols retreated back to Hungary shortly after.Bettina Ehlers: Kompendium der deutsch-mongolischen Beziehungen (Hamburg 2000, S. 40, siehe Literatur)
20th century After declaring independence in 1911, Mongolia had made ultimately unsuccessful overtures to establish ties with Germany through its representative in Saint Petersburg. After the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, the Mongolian People's Party made establishing economic ties with Germany a high priority, and in 1927 the first batch of 50 Mongolian students, including Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, the founding father of modern Mongolian literature, were sent to GermanySerge M. Wolff: Mongol delegations in Western Europe, 1925–1929 – Part One, in: Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, vol. 32, no. 3-4 (1945), pp. 289–298; Serge M. Wolff: Mongol delegations in Western Europe, 1925–1929 – Part Two, in: Journal of The Royal Central Asian Society, vol. 33, no. 1 (1946), pp. 75–93. and France for education.
Cold War
East Germany Mongolia and East Germany established ties on April 13, 1950. The following high-level visits were undertaken between nations. YearPersonOfficePlace1955Otto GrotewohlChairman of the Council of Ministers of East GermanyUlaanbaatar1957Yumjaagiin TsedenbalGeneral Secretary of the Mongolian People's PartyBerlin1960Heinrich RauMinister for Foreign Trade and Inter-German TradeUlaanbaatar1968Willi StophChairman of the Council of Ministers of East GermanyUlaanbaatar1969Yumjaagiin TsedenbalGeneral Secretary of the Mongolian People's PartyBerlin1973Erich HoneckerGeneral Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of GermanyUlaanbaatar1977Yumjaagiin TsedenbalGeneral Secretary of the Mongolian People's PartyBerlin1989Jambyn BatmönkhGeneral Secretary of the Mongolian People's PartyBerlin In 1989, about 300 exhibits from Mongolian museums were organized in Munich, dedicated to the "art and culture of the Mongolian equestrian people".Prause, Gerbard, Reich der Reiter. Die hohe Kultur eines alten Volkes, Die Zeit 13 October 1989, retrieved 27 January 2016.
West Germany Mongolia-West Germany ties being established on January 31, 1974.
Post-communist era Since the German reunification, a large number of visits have been held by various high-ranking German and Mongolian politicians and delegations. The following is a list of the most important state visits since 1990: YearPersonOfficePlaceSeptember 1990RegierungsdelegationDelegation from the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentUlaanbaatarJune 1991Tserenpil GombosurenDer mongolische Außenminister Tserenpil Gombosuren wurde vom Präsident der Industrie- und Handelskammer der Mongolei Sed-Ochir Bayarbaatar begleitet (Bettina Ehlers: Kompendium der deutsch-mongolischen Beziehungen, Hamburg 2000, vgl. S. 43, siehe Literatur)Mongolian Foreign MinisterBerlinSeptember 1991Dieter-Julius CronenbergVice President of the German BundestagUlaanbaatarFebruary 1992Dashiin ByambasürenPrime Minister of MongoliaBerlinAugust 1992Carl-Dieter SprangerFederal Minister for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentBerlinJanuary 1993Natsagiin BagabandiMongolian Speaker of ParliamentBerlinNovember 1994Lkhamsuren EnebischDeputy Prime MinisterBerlinDecember 1994Chojisuren PurevdorjDeputy Prime MinisterBerlinJuly 1995Burkhard HirschVice President of the German BundestagUlaanbaatarSeptember 1995Punsalmaagiin OchirbatPresident of MongoliaBerlinFebruary 1996Chojisuren PurevdorjDeputy Prime MinisterBerlinSeptember 1996Klaus KinkelFederal Minister of Foreign AffairsUlaanbaatarOctober 1996Radnaasumberel GonchigdorjMongolian Speaker of ParliamentBerlinSeptember 1997Shukher AltangerelMongolian Foreign MinisterBerlin2000Natsagiin BagabandiMongolian PresidentBerlin2011Angela MerkelGerman ChancellorUlaanbaatar2012Tsakhiagiin ElbegdorjMongolian PresidentBerlin2015Tsakhiagiin ElbegdorjMongolian PresidentBerlin2022Luvsannamsrain Oyun-ErdenePrime Minister of MongoliaBerlin
Cultural relations From May to June 1995, the mixed German-Mongolian culture commission met in Ulaanbaatar under the direction of Peter Truhart.Bundesanzeiger: , retrieved 27 January 2016. On September 16, 1997, an agreement on cultural exchange and cooperation was signed between Germany and Mongolia.
Agreements On August 22, 1994, Germany and Mongolia passed a double taxation agreement in order to avoid double taxation of German and Mongolian citizens.Internationales Steuerrecht – Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen Mongolei, retrieved 27 January 2016. A year later, in October 1995, the two countries signed a financial cooperation agreement. A delegation from the Committee on Economic Cooperation and Development of the German Bundestag traveled to Mongolia in March 1998.
Trade Germany is Mongolia's main trading partner in the European Union, together with the United Kingdom, but on January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom left the EU.
In 2022, to reduce Germany's reliance on critical minerals from Russia and China, Chancellor Olaf Scholtz conveyed to visiting Prime Minister of Mongolia Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene that Germany aims to buy raw materials from Mongolia, including copper and rare earths.
Diaspora In the 2010 Mongolian National Census, 3,852 Mongolian citizens were recorded to have been living in Germany. Resident diplomatic missions Germany has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar. Mongolia has an embassy in Berlin. See also Foreign relations of Germany Foreign relations of Mongolia
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