List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita

This is a list of sovereign states and territories by per capita carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission. The following table lists the annual per capita emissions estimates (in kilotons of per year) for the year 2023, as well as the change from the year 2000.

The data only considers carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and cement manufacture, but not emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry Over the last 150 years, estimated cumulative emissions from land use and land-use change represent approximately one-third of total cumulative anthropogenic emissions. Emissions from international shipping or bunker fuels are also not included in national figures, which can make a large difference for small countries with important ports.

Measures of territorial-based emissions, also known as production-based emissions, do not account for emissions embedded in global trade, where emissions may be imported or exported in the form of traded goods, as it only reports emissions emitted within geographical boundaries. Accordingly, a proportion of the produced and reported in Asia and Africa is for the production of goods consumed in Europe and North America.

According to the review of the scientific literature conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon dioxide is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas by warming contribution. The other major anthropogenic greenhouse gases) are not included in the following list, nor are humans emissions of water vapor (), the most important greenhouse gases, as they are negligible compared to naturally occurring quantities.

According to Science for Policy report in 2024 by the Joint Research Centre (JRC – the European Commission's science and knowledge service) and International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2023, global GHG emissions primarily consisted of , resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels (73.7%).

Per capita emissions by country/territory

The data in the following table is extracted from EDGAR - Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.

+ List of countries by carbon emissions per capita Location % ofglobalaverage Emissions per capita(tons per year) % changefrom 2000 2023 2000 100% 4.86 4.19 % 117% 5.66 8.32 % 1288% 62.59 110.66 % 896% 43.55 53.61 % 512% 24.90 26.56 % 435% 21.12 18.23 % 430% 20.90 10.22 % 426% 20.70 26.74 % 416% 20.22 28.04 % 406% 19.71 15.09 % 405% 19.67 10.94 % 353% 17.15 12.77 % 352% 17.11 11.60 % 307% 14.91 17.67 % 302% 14.66 42.90 % 297% 14.45 11.48 % 293% 14.21 18.56 % 285% 13.83 21.03 % 263% 12.76 9.38 % 256% 12.43 8.78 % 240% 11.68 10.90 % 230% 11.18 20.18 % 227% 11.04 10.01 % 216% 10.51 8.71 % 210% 10.21 0.02 +42,740% 193% 9.38 11.63 % 190% 9.24 2.86 % 187% 9.10 5.35 % 183% 8.88 9.20 % 183% 8.87 12.42 % 181% 8.79 10.18 % 175% 8.52 12.86 % 174% 8.45 3.77 % 172% 8.37 3.36 % 171% 8.30 5.64 % 162% 7.86 9.28 % 157% 7.63 8.12 % 155% 7.54 9.79 % 149% 7.22 8.52 % 148% 7.18 12.15 % 146% 7.09 11.11 % 145% 7.06 10.70 % 137% 6.65 8.26 % 135% 6.56 7.59 % 134% 6.50 11.39 % 133% 6.48 2.50 % 132% 6.40 7.72 % 130% 6.33 3.79 % 124% 6.00 2.27 % 121% 5.86 6.02 % 120% 5.84 2.35 % 120% 5.83 7.56 % 119% 5.81 7.56 % 119% 5.79 5.66 % 118% 5.73 2.80 % 118% 5.73 11.09 % 112% 5.42 3.15 % (including San Marino and Vatican City) 107% 5.19 7.94 % 106% 5.13 3.59 % 101% 4.91 2.96 % 97% 4.69 8.62 % (including Andorra) 96% 4.68 7.66 % 96% 4.66 3.33 % 95% 4.61 5.82 % 94% 4.56 9.95 % 93% 4.51 6.29 % 92% 4.45 3.53 % 92% 4.45 3.13 % 91% 4.44 2.20 % 91% 4.42 3.45 % 91% 4.42 9.36 % 89% 4.31 4.38 % 88% 4.30 3.77 % 88% 4.27 3.03 % (including Monaco) 88% 4.25 6.73 % 86% 4.19 4.44 % 85% 4.14 3.54 % 85% 4.13 6.42 % 85% 4.11 2.21 % 83% 4.04 3.35 % 82% 4.01 5.26 % 82% 3.99 2.82 % 81% 3.94 2.78 % 81% 3.93 3.69 % (including Liechtenstein) 80% 3.87 6.25 % 79% 3.85 5.38 % 78% 3.80 6.63 % 76% 3.70 4.40 % 76% 3.69 0.70 % 74% 3.58 6.22 % 73% 3.56 3.03 % 72% 3.52 3.90 % 72% 3.49 0.18 +1,892% 71% 3.43 6.53 % 69% 3.33 1.10 % 68% 3.29 2.06 % 68% 3.29 1.71 % 65% 3.17 7.37 % 62% 3.00 4.73 % 62% 2.99 1.62 % 60% 2.93 2.37 % 58% 2.83 1.74 % 58% 2.81 2.78 % 57% 2.76 2.18 % 56% 2.74 2.22 % 56% 2.71 0.94 % 54% 2.63 1.16 % 54% 2.61 1.45 % 53% 2.57 2.18 % 52% 2.51 1.75 % 51% 2.50 1.68 % 51% 2.50 1.64 % 51% 2.47 5.62 % 51% 2.46 3.22 % 50% 2.44 4.47 % 50% 2.41 1.41 % 48% 2.35 1.80 % 48% 2.34 3.84 % 47% 2.31 0.71 % 47% 2.31 1.83 % 47% 2.30 1.08 % 46% 2.25 3.23 % 46% 2.21 1.34 % 45% 2.20 1.99 % 44% 2.16 5.36 % 43% 2.07 0.95 % 42% 2.05 1.09 % 41% 1.98 0.98 % 41% 1.97 1.55 % 40% 1.95 1.03 % 39% 1.92 2.60 % 38% 1.82 1.16 % 35% 1.71 0.65 % 35% 1.70 1.12 % 34% 1.66 1.30 % 33% 1.62 0.61 % 33% 1.60 0.98 % 32% 1.56 1.04 % 31% 1.53 1.03 % 30% 1.43 1.40 % 29% 1.41 0.95 % 26% 1.29 0.56 % 26% 1.27 0.99 % 25% 1.19 2.80 % 24% 1.18 1.40 % 24% 1.17 1.07 % 23% 1.13 0.83 % 23% 1.13 0.69 % 22% 1.08 0.77 % 22% 1.05 0.80 % 21% 1.03 0.16 % 20% 0.97 0.61 % 19% 0.93 0.45 % 19% 0.92 1.03 % 19% 0.92 0.46 % 19% 0.92 0.40 % 19% 0.91 0.81 % 19% 0.90 0.39 % 18% 0.87 0.39 % 18% 0.87 0.75 % 16% 0.78 1.00 % 16% 0.76 0.39 % 15% 0.74 0.32 % 15% 0.72 1.03 % 15% 0.71 0.20 % 14% 0.66 0.56 % 13% 0.65 0.40 % 13% 0.64 0.53 % 13% 0.62 1.19 % 13% 0.61 0.57 % 12% 0.59 0.22 % 12% 0.58 0.82 % 12% 0.57 0.14 % 11% 0.51 0.42 % 10% 0.49 0.23 % 10% 0.48 0.26 % 9% 0.41 0.81 % 8% 0.40 0.19 % 8% 0.38 0.37 % 8% 0.38 0.28 % 8% 0.36 0.19 % 7% 0.34 0.17 % 7% 0.34 0.18 % 7% 0.34 0.88 % 6% 0.30 0.20 % 6% 0.30 0.07 % 6% 0.30 0.14 % 6% 0.29 0.27 % 6% 0.28 0.09 % 6% 0.28 0.09 % 6% 0.28 0.25 % 5% 0.26 0.08 % 5% 0.25 0.17 % 5% 0.24 0.22 % 4% 0.21 0.05 % 3% 0.16 0.16 % 3% 0.14 0.03 % 3% 0.14 0.06 % 3% 0.14 0.06 % 3% 0.14 0.11 % 3% 0.13 0.10 % 2% 0.12 0.08 % 2% 0.12 0.20 % 2% 0.10 0.06 % 1% 0.07 0.07 % 1% 0.06 0.05 % 1% 0.05 0.07 % 1% 0.04 0.04 % 1% 0.04 0.04 %

emissions per capita embedded in global trade emissions are typically measured on the basis of ‘production’. This accounting method – which is sometimes referred to as ‘territorial’ emissions – is used when countries report their emissions, and set targets domestically and internationally. In addition to the commonly reported production-based emissions statisticians also calculate ‘consumption-based’ emissions. These emissions are adjusted for trade. To calculate consumption-based emissions, traded goods are tracked across the world, and whenever a good was imported all emissions that were emitted in the production of that good are also imported, and vice versa to subtract all emissions that were emitted in the production of goods that were exported.

Consumption-based emissions reflect the consumption and lifestyle choices of a country's citizens. They are national or regional emissions that have been adjusted for trade, calculated as domestic (or ‘production-based’) emissions minus the emissions generated in the production of goods and services that are exported to other countries or regions, plus emissions from the production of goods and services that are imported.

Consumption-based emission is therefore measured as the production-based emissions adjusted by the net import-export balance in tons of per year. Positive values of net import represent net importers of ; net importer countries have higher consumption-based emissions than what production-based methods would measure. Converserly, for net exporters of (countries with negative values of import-export balance), consumptions-based emissions measure lower emissions than production-based methods.

The data in the following table is extracted from Our World in Data database. Sorting is alphabetical by country code, according to ISO 3166-1 alpha-3.

Country / territory Production vs. consumption-based emissions per capita(t/cap) emissionsembedded inglobal trade(t/cap) 1990 2005 2017 2020 2021 2020 P C P C P C P C P C C-P (C-P)/P (%) Net % importer % exporter % exporter % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % exporter % exporter % importer % exporter % exporter % importer % exporter % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % exporter % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % exporter % importer % exporter % importer % exporter % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % exporter % exporter % exporter % importer % importer % importer % exporter % importer % importer % exporter % exporter % exporter % importer % importer Africa % exporter Asia % exporter Asia (excl. China and India) % exporter Europe % importer Europe (excl. EU-27) % exporter Europe (excl. EU-28) % exporter (27) % importer (28) % importer North America % importer North America (excl. US) % exporter Oceania % exporter South America % exporter Low-income countries (UN) % exporter Middle-income countries (UN) Lower middle income % exporter Upper middle income % exporter High-income countries % importer

Notes

References

List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita

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