Barkai is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Amiram Barkai (1936–2014), Israeli biochemist Avraham Barkai (1921–2020), German-born Israeli historian Eli Barkai (born 1964), Israeli physicist Gabriel Barkai (born 1944), Hungarian-born Israeli archeologist Michael Barkai (1935–1999), Romanian-born Israeli Navy commander Razi Barkai (born 1949), Israeli media personality Ram Barkai (born 1957), Israeli-South African businessman and swimmer