Aschoff is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Albrecht Aschoff (1899–1972), German politician Edward Aschoff (1985–2019), American sports journalist Eva Aschoff (1900–1969), German artist Jürgen Aschoff (1913–1998), German physician, biologist and behavioral psychologist Ludwig Aschoff (1866–1942), German physician and pathologist
See also Hermann Höpker-Aschoff (1883–1954), German politician