Proskauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Adolph Proskauer (1838–1900), Prussian-born Confederate soldier Bernhard Proskauer (1851–1915), German chemist and hygienist Johannes Max Proskauer (1923–1970), German-born American botanist Joseph M. Proskauer (1877–1971), American judge, lawyer, and philanthropist Julien Proskauer (1893–1958), American magician Nancy Proskauer Dryfoos (1918–1991) born as Nancy Edith Proskauer, American sculptor

See also Proskauer Rose, a law firm