A voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate, or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is familiar to English-speakers as the "j" sound in "jump".
This sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with , , , or in some broad transcriptions (though this is the symbol for a voiced palatal plosive). There is also a ligature , which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used. Alternatives used in the Americanist tradition are , , and .
Features Features of a voiced postalveolar affricate:
Occurrence Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Abkhaz 'steel' See Abkhaz phonology Adyghe 'dress' Albanian 'glass' Amharic 'injera' ArabicModern Standard 'bell' In other standards and dialects, corresponds to or . See Arabic phonologyHejazi'pocket'Pronounced by some speakers. See Hejazi Arabic phonology Armenian Eastern 'water' Western ճանճ 'musca (fly)' Assyrian ܓ̰ܝܪܐ s 'to pee' Used in native terminology. Used predominantly in Urmia and some Jilu dialects. is used in other varieties.Azerbaijani can 'soul'Bengali জল 'water' Contrasts with the aspirated form. See Bengali phonology Bulgarian 'dwarf' See Bulgarian phonology Catalan Some speakers 'means' Its pronunciation varies between an alveolo-palatal and a postalveolar fricative. See Catalan phonology Some Valencian speakers 'game' Chechen / 'previously married woman' Chinese Quzhou dialect 重 / zon 'heavy' Coptic 'that' Czech 'jug' See Czech phonologyDhivehiޖަރާސީމު / jarásímu'germs'See Dhivehi phonology Dutch jeans [d͡ʒiːns] 'jeans' Some say [ʒiːns]. Occurs mainly in loanwords. English jeans [ˈd͡ʒiːnz] 'jeans' See English phonology Esperanto 'food' See Esperanto phonologyEstonian[ˈd̥ʒæsː]'jazz'Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Estonian phonologyFinnish[ˈdʒo̞ŋkːi]'junk (ship)'Rare, occurs only in loanwords. See Finnish phonology French 'addition' Rare. Also occurs in loanwords. See French phonology Georgian 'pocket' German Standard 'jungle' Laminal or apico-laminal and strongly labialized. Some speakers may merge it with . Occurs mainly in loanwords. See Standard German phonology Goemai 'twins' Hebrew Standard 'cockroach' Only used in loanwords. See Modern Hebrew phonologyTemani 'big, great' Yemenite Hebrew pronunciation of gimel with dageš. See Yemenite Hebrew Hindustani Hindi 'to go' Contrasts with aspirated form. See Hindustani phonologyUrdu Hungarian 'spear' Rare, mostly in loanwords. See Hungarian phonology Indonesian 'distance' Irish 'jeep' Only used in loanwords. (loan consonant) See Irish phonology Italian 'gem' occurs when letter 'G' is before front vowels , and , while when 'G' is in front of vowels , , and the phoneme changes to a voiced velar plosive. Kabyle lǧiran 'the neighbors' Kashmiri 'animal' Kashubian dłudżi 'long' Khortha 'maize' Kurdish Northern 'lung' See Kurdish phonologyCentral'liver'Southern Kyrgyz / 'bad' See Kyrgyz phonology Ladino 'Jew' Latvian 'thistles' See Latvian phonology Limburgish Hasselt dialect 'Eugene' See Hasselt dialect phonology Lithuanian 'gladsome' See Lithuanian phonology Macedonian 'sweater' See Macedonian phonology Malay 'evil' Malayalamജീവൻ/jeevan'life'See Malayalam phonology Maltese 'collection' Manchu ᠵᡠᠸᡝ/juwe 'two' Marathi 'victory' Contrasts with the aspirated form. Allophone [dʑ] and [d̪z]. See Marathi phonology Occitan Languedocien 'young'See Occitan phonology Provençal Odia ଜମି/jami 'land' Contrasts with aspirated form.See Odia phonology Ojibwe iijikiwenh 'brother' See Ojibwe phonology Pashto 'high' Persian 'where' See Persian phonology Polish Standard 'number' Gmina Istebna 'strange' and merge into in these dialects. In standard Polish, is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal voiced retroflex affricate. Lubawa dialect Malbork dialect Ostróda dialect Warmia dialect Portuguese Most Brazilian dialects 'big' Allophone of before (including when the vowel is elided) and other instances of (e.g. epenthesis), marginal sound otherwise.Most dialects 'jambalaya' In free variation with in a few recent loanwords. See Portuguese phonology Romanian 'frost' See Romanian phonology Sardinian Campidanese 'son-in-law' Scottish Gaelic 'God' See Scottish Gaelic phonology Serbo-Croatian Some speakers / 'jam' May be laminal retroflex instead, depending on the dialect. See Serbo-Croatian phonology Bosnian / 'devil' Most Croatian and some Bosnian speakers merge and , either to or laminal . Croatian Silesian Gmina Istebna These dialects merge and into . Jablunkov Slovene'equation'Allophone of before voiced obstruents in native words. As a phoneme present only in loanwords. See Slovene phonology Somali 'stop' See Somali phonology Spanish 'carry' Rare, more commonly , , or . See Spanish phonology, Yeísmo. Tagalog 'there' Used to pronounce the multigraphs and in native words and in loanwords outside Spanish. For more information, see Tagalog phonology. Tamil 'ginger' Allophone of after natively; also occurs in loans, but the standard form tends to merge to or elsewhere. See Tamil phonology.TatarMishar DialectLeitzinger, Antero: Mishäärit – Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö. Helsinki: Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996. . (p. 45)can / җан'soul'In standard Tatar (Kazan dialect), the sound for letter <c/җ> is []. Turkish 'pain' See Turkish phonology Turkmen 'ravine' Tyap 'hippopotamus' Ubykh amcan See Ubykh phonology Ukrainian 'source' See Ukrainian phonology Uyghur / 'desk' See Uyghur phonology Uzbek / 'world' Welsh 'chip shop' Occurs as the colloquial soft mutation of . See Colloquial Welsh morphology West Frisian 'to sow' See West Frisian phonology Yiddish 'insect' See Yiddish phonology Zapotec Tilquiapan dxan 'god'
Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate
Features
Its place of articulation is postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.
Occurrence
Language Word IPA Meaning Notes English Australian dream 'dream' Phonetic realization of the stressed, syllable-initial sequence . In General American and Received Pronunciation, the less common alternative is alveolar . See Australian English phonology and English phonology General American Received Pronunciation
See also Index of phonetics articles
Notes
References
External links