is the German name for stumbling blocks collocated all over Europe by German artist Gunter Demnig. They remember the fate of the victims of Nazi Germany being murdered, deported, exiled or driven to suicide. The first collocations in the , the Banská Bystrica Region of present-day Slovakia (formerly Czechoslovakia), took place in Banská Bystrica and in Brezno on 31 October 2012.
The inscriptions in Fiľakovo and Tornaľa are in both Hungarian and Slovak as there both languages are spoken. Generally, the stumbling blocks are posed in front of the building where the victims had their last self chosen residence. The name of the in Slovak is , memorial stones, in Hungarian , stumbling stones.
The lists are sortable; the basic order follows the alphabet according to the last name of the victim.
Banská Bystrica Stone Inscription Location Life and death HERE LIVEDJÁN BAKOSSBORN 1895ARRESTED 5.1.1945IN MARTINMURDERED 31.1.1945 Lazovná 194/40 was born on 31 March 1895 in Pukanec. His parents were Michal Bakoš and Anna née Gombkötő, also Gomketi. In 1915 he graduated from high school in Banská Štiavnica and began to study Protestant theology. He was sent to the Russian front in the same year, where he was injured. In 1920, he concluded his theological studies in Bratislava, was ordained a priest and served in chapels in Pukanec and Martin, thereafter as parish priest in Jabloňovce. In 1924 he was appointed minister of Hybe and married Elena née Schwarz, one of three daughters of Pukanec lawyer Ján Schwarz. The couple had at least two sons. In 1935 the family moved to Poprad-Veľká, in 1935 to Banská Bystrica. Ján Bakoss was also an avid writer, a translator from German, an editor and a fighter against fascism. He founded the Church Fund in his parish and saved many Jewish fellow citizens from deportation by baptizing them and placing their children in church orphanages. He also took part in the preparation of the Slovak National Uprising (SNU) and became a member of the Revolutionary National Committee. After the suppression of the SNU, his brother-in-law Teodor Schwarz, a doctor in Martin, later professor at the Medical Faculty in Košice, hid him from the Gestapo. On 5 January 1945 he was arrested. He was murdered by the Nazi regime on 31 January 1945 in Martin. His remains were found in a mass grave and later-on buried in Banská Bystrica.Website Ján Bakoss, retrieved on 2 August 2017BBonline: Stolpersteine prinavrátil do ulíc ďalšie zmiznuté osobnosti mesta, 22 July 2013, retrieved on 2 August 2017
His eldest son Ivan, a lecturer in medicine, died on 2 April 1945 during a raid, he was probably the last Nazi victim of Banská Bystrica. The youngest son, Pavel, became a professor at the Medical School of Bratislava's Comenius University.
A street in Banská Bystrica is named after him. HERE LIVEDLADISLAV GOTTHILFBORN 1901ARRESTED 10.11.1944IN HARMANECMURDERED 20.11.1944IN KREMNICKA Horná Ulica 80/23 was born on 25 June 1901. His parents were Wilhelm Gotthilf and Irene née Moškovic. He had at least one sister. He became a gynecologist and married to Eveline Waltraut née Hafner, a woman from Germany. The couple had a son, Michael (born 1937). In the autumn of 1944, the family fled to Harmanec. The family lacked clothing and other things, and his wife had to leave their cranny to procure necessary things. She was recognized and denounced, the hiding place was found out, and Ladislav Gotthilf and his family were arrested on 10 November 1944. Ten days later, on 20 November 1944, father, mother and son were shot in the course of the Massacre of Kremnička.The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: LADISLAV GOTHILF, Yad Vashem, retrieved on 28 July 2017 HERE LIVEDMICHAL GOTTHILFBORN 1937ARRESTED 10.11.1944IN HARMANECMURDERED 20.11.1944IN KREMNICKA Horná Ulica 80/23 , also Michael, was born either in 1934 or in 1937. His parents were Dr. Ladislav Gotthilf (see above) and Waltraut née Hepner (see below). His mother was Catholic, his father was Jewish. He was baptized in May 1937. Also his father became a Protestant. Nevertheless, Michal Gotthilf and his family were arrested on 10 November 1944. Ten days later, on 20 November 1944, father, mother and son were shot in the course of the Massacre of Kremnička.There are four reports on Michal Gotthilf at The Central Database of Shoah victims' names in Yad Vashem: by Shimon Golan (submitted in 1955) by Matatiahu Galambosh, an acquaintance (submitted in 1996)34 by Simon Golan Goldenberg (submitted in 1999)37 List of persons who were murdered in Kremnicka all retrieved on 2 August 2017. No. 1 mentions an age of 7 years at the time of death, no. 2 submits 1934 as year of birth, while no. 3 mentions 1937. HERE LIVEDWALTRAUTGOTTHILFOVÁNÉE HEPNERBORN 1906ARRESTED 10.11.1944IN HARMANECMURDERED 20.11.1944IN KREMNICKA Horná Ulica 80/23 née Hepner, called Traute, was born in 1906 in Obernigk near Breslau, then Germany. She married Ladislav Gotthilf, a physician. The couple had a son, Michal (see above). She was a housewife. Although Waltraut Gotthilfová was of German descent and of catholic faith and although both husband and son were baptized, the whole family was arrested in Harmanec on 10 November 1944. Ten days later, on 20 November 1944, father, mother and son were shot in the course of the Massacre of Kremnička.Iris Kopcsayová: Nebol to sen, ale hrozná skutočnosť. Laci, Traute a Miško skončili v masovom hrobe, SME Domov, 15 August 2015, retrieved on 28 July 2017The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: [], Yad Vashem, retrieved on 28 July 2017 HERE LIVEDALEXANDER GRÄBERBORN 1890ARRESTED 17.11.1944MURDERED 20.11.1944IN KREMNICKA Horná Ulica 99/43 was born on 16 April 1890. He was a businessman and married to Anna née Stern (see below). Husband and wife were seized by the Gestapo, imprisoned and executed during the Massacre of Kremnička on 20 November 1944.The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: ALEXANDER GRABER, Yad Vashem, retrieved on 2 August 2017 HERE LIVEDANNA GRÄBEROVÁBORN 1897ARRESTED 17.11.1944MURDERED 20.11.1944IN KREMNICKA Horná Ulica 99/43 née Stern was born on 17 February 1897 in Lukov in the Prešov Region. Her parents were Moritz Stern and Rezi née Rottenberg. She was married to Alexander Gräber (see above). She was a housewife. She and her husband were seized by the Gestapo, imprisoned and executed during the Massacre of Kremnička on 20 November 1944.The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: ANNA GRABER, Yad Vashem, retrieved on 2 August 2017
Another report on her death to Yad Vashem was submitted by her cousin Daniel Rottenberg from Philadelphia, PA. He could survive the Shoah.The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: ANNA GRABER, Yad Vashem, retrieved on 2 August 2017 HERE LIVEDFERDINAND KARVAŠBORN 1892ARRESTED 18.12.1944MURDERED 9.1.1945IN NEMECKÁ Horná Ulica 107/55 was born on 2 June 1892. He worked as a medical practitioner in Horná Ulica of Banská Bystrica and was also a head physician in a spa in nearby Brusno. He was married to Karola née Skutecká, a painter (see below). The couple had one son, Peter Karvaš (born on 25 April 1920). After the suppression of the Slovak National Uprising, he and his wife were seized by the Gestapo in Banská Bystrica on 18 December 1944, imprisoned, deported to Germany and executed there on 9 January 1945.
Their son could survive. He became a well known playwright, prose and theater theorist as well as a diplomat. He died in 1999 in Bratislava.Literárne informačné centrum: Peter Karvaš, retrieved on 2 August 2017 HERE LIVEDKAROLA KARVAŠOVÁNÉE SKUTECKÁBORN 1893ARRESTED 18.12.1944MURDERED 9.1.1945IN NEMECKÁ Horná Ulica 107/55 née Skutecká was born on 4 June 1893 in Banská Bystrica. Her parents were painter Dominik Skutecký (1849-1921) and Cecília née Lévyová, also Löwy. She had an older brother, Alexander Skutecký (born on 25 June 1883 in Vienna, see below). Early-on she was trained in several languages and became fluent in German, Hungarian, French, English and Italian. She studied at the Art Academies of Vienna and Budapest and achieved a diploma. Her brother had become an architect, she was married to Ferdinand Karvaš, a physician. The couple had one son, Peter Karvaš (born on 25 April 1920). As a paint she used the pseudonym Rolla. After the death of her father she worked in his studio. She used pastel techniques in creating portraits of family members and friends as well as oil paint to create still lifes. Her works today can be found mainly in private property in Banská Bystrica and Bratislava but also in the Stredoslovenská galéria, a museum in Banská Bystrica. After the suppression of the Slovak National Uprising, she and her husband were seized by the Gestapo in Banská Bystrica on 18 December 1944, imprisoned, deported to Germany and executed there on 9 January 1945.The Central Database of Shoah victims' names: ROLA KARVAS, Yad Vashem, retrieved on 28 July 2017