Women's representation in Mongolian Parliament, the State Great Khural, has constantly increased over the years since the country's democratic election in 1992. 17.1% (13 out of 76 seats) of the parliament are female as of 2016, which is the highest among seven parliamentary elections in Mongolia. However, it is still lower than the regional average of 19.7% and the world average of 23.4%. According to the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Mongolia ranks at 115th together with Gabon (193 countries are classified by descending order of the percentage of women in the lower or single house).

Mongolian female MPs have a tradition of working under an unofficial parliamentary group. Elected female members in 2016 (12 of 13 female MPs are from MPP and one is from DP) agreed to unofficially work as a team on social security issues related to children, women and families.

Records Election year Number of seats Number of women % of female seats in ParliamentFemale candidates% of female candidates 1973 336 77 22.91 1977 354 82 23.16 1981 370 90 24.32 1986 370 92 24.86 1990 430 9 2.09 1992 76 3 3.94 1996 76 9 7.89 2000 76 8 10.52 2004 76 5 6.574016.4% 2008 76 3 3.946618.5% 2012 76 10 14.917432.0% 2016 76 13 17.112925.9%2020761317.115124.9%20241263225.451938.8%

Legal basis

Article 126 of the Law on Election sets a quota for women candidacy. The revised electoral law obliges parties to include at least 20 per cent of women candidates.

Article 126.2 states that at least 20 percent of candidates nominated by a party or coalition shall be represented by one gender. This article was amended on May 5, 2016, by law.

Current representation In the 2020 parliamentary election, a total of 13 women parliamentarians were elected, and four were re-elected from the previous election. +Female Parliamentarians 2020-2024 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliationConstituency1Anujin Purev-OchirMongolian People's PartySongino Khairkhan2Adiyasuren AmgalanDemocratic PartyBayankhongor Province3Bayarsaikhan BaljinnyamMongolian People's PartyZavkhan Province4Bulgantuya KhurelbaatarMongolian People's PartyBayanzürkh5Jargalmaa BadarchMongolian People's PartySongino Khairkhan6Munkhtsetseg GompildooMongolian People's PartyDundgovi Province7Munkhtsetseg TserenjamtsMongolian People's PartySükhbaatar8Odontuya SaldanDemocratic PartyBayangol9Oyunchimeg MunkhuuMongolian People's PartyChingeltei10Sarangerel DavaajantsanMongolian People's PartyKhan-Uul11Saranchimeg BatsukhMongolian People's PartyBayanzürkh12Undram ChinbatMongolian People's PartySelenge Province13Unurbolor DamdinsurenMongolian People's PartySelenge Province

Historic representation

2016 election In the 2016 parliamentary election, 13 women were elected from 151 women candidates (25.9 percent of the total candidates), representing 49 constituencies from 76 constituencies.

Before the 2016 election, the parliamentary law reduced the women quota from 30 percent to 20 percent and moved from proportional representation to the majoritarian system.

A total of 12 political parties and 3 coalitions all obliged the 20 percent of the women quota. Although all parties and coalition nominated more than the quota on women candidates, the main two parties, the Mongolian People's Party and Democratic Party, all 13 women parliamentarians were from either party. +Female Parliamentarians 2016-2020 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliationConstituency1Amarzaya NamsraiMongolian People's PartyÖmnögovi Province2Bilegt MagvanMongolian People's PartyBayankhongor Province3Garamjav TsedenMongolian People's PartySongino Khairkhan4Munkhtsetseg GompildooMongolian People's PartyDornogovi and Govisumber Province5Narantuya ZagdkhuuDemocratic PartyZavkhan Province6Oyunchimeg MunkhuuMongolian People's PartyChingeltei7Oyundari Navaan-YundenMongolian People's PartySelenge Province8Oyunkhorol DulamsurenMongolian People's PartyBayanzürkh9Saranchimeg BatsukhMongolian People's PartyBayanzürkh10Sarangerel DavaajantsanMongolian People's PartyKhan-Uul11Tsogzolmaa TsedenbalMongolian People's PartySükhbaatar12Undraa AgvaanluvsanMongolian People's PartyBayangol13Undarmaa BatbayarMongolian People's PartySongino Khairkhan

2012 election The election law was amended at the end of 2011 moved from majoritarian system to a "mixed member proportional system" with the quota of 20% for women candidates.

In the 2012 parliamentary election, a total of 10 women parliamentarians were elected from 174 female candidates in the election, representing 32% (highest number of candidates) of the total candidates. +Female Parliamentarians 2012-2016 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliation1Oyunkhorol DulamsurenMongolian People's Party2Uyanga GantumurJustice Coalition3Oyungerel TsedevdambaDemocratic Party4Erdenechimeg LuvsanDemocratic Party5Odontuya SaldanDemocratic Party6Batchimeg MigeddorjDemocratic Party7Bayanselenge ZangadJustice Coalition8Oyun SanjaasurenCivil Will–Green Party9Burmaa RadnaaDemocratic Party10Saranchimeg BatsukhMongolian People's Party

2008 election The number reduced to only 3 women parliamentarians, 4% of the total parliament.

The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) changed its name to Mongolian People's Party (MPP) in 2010. +Female Parliamentarians 2008-2012 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliation1Arvin DashjamtsMongolian Revolutionary People's Party2Oyun SanjaasurenCivil Will–Green Party3Oyunkhorol DulamsurenMongolian Revolutionary People's Party

2004 election During the 2004 parliamentary election, only 5 women were elected out of 40 candidates, 16.4% of the total candidates. +Female Parliamentarians 2004-2008 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliation1Arvin DashjamtsMongolian Revolutionary People's Party2Gandhi TugsjargalMongolian Revolutionary People's Party3Munkhtuya BudeeMotherland Democratic Coalition4Oyun SanjaasurenCivil Will–Green Party5Tuya DanzandarjaaMotherland Democratic Coalition

2000 election In the 2000 parliamentary election, 8 women from the MPRP and Oyun Sanjaasuren from the Civil Will Party-Mongolian Green Party were elected to the parliament. +Female Parliamentarians 2000-2004 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliation1Altai DulbaaMongolian Revolutionary People's Party2Arvin DashjamtsMongolian Revolutionary People's Party3Bolormaa NordovMongolian Revolutionary People's Party4Dolgor BadraaMongolian Revolutionary People's Party5Gandhi TugsjargalMongolian Revolutionary People's Party6Gerelsuren NansaljavMongolian Revolutionary People's Party7Oyun SanjaasurenCivil Will Party-Mongolian Green Party8Oyunkhorol DulamsurenMongolian Revolutionary People's Party9Tuya DanzandarjaaMongolian Revolutionary People's Party

1996 election There were 8 women parliamentarian members from 1996 to 2000.

When the Zorig Sanjaasuren was murdered in 1998, his sister, Oyun Sanjaasuren, entered politics and won the by-election in her brother's constituency.

Enkhtuya Oidov established a women parliamentarians committee and started initiatives to work closely with women civil society organisations. +Female Parliamentarians 1996-2000 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliation1Arvin DashjamtsMongolian Revolutionary People's Party2Enkhtuya OidovDemocratic Union Coalition3Gandhi TugsjargalMongolian Revolutionary People's Party4Khulan KhasbatMongolian Revolutionary People's Party5Narangerel RinchenDemocratic Union Coalition6Narantsetseg UnenburenDemocratic Union Coalition7Otgonbayar ChultemDemocratic Union Coalition8Oyun SanjaasurenDemocratic Union Coalition

1992 election In the 1992 parliamentary election, a total of 9 parties and one coalition joined the election. One of the women parliamentarians, Byambajav Janlav, left the parliament to join the Supreme Court of Mongolia, the highest court in Mongolia, in 1995 before her term ended. +Female Parliamentarians 1992-1996 of Mongolia#NameParty affiliation1Munkhuu DorjMongolian Revolutionary People's Party2Gandhi TugsjargalMongolian Revolutionary People's Party3Byambajav JanlavMongolian Revolutionary People's Party

References

External links Inter-Parliamentary Union