Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from electric current, arcing, electromagnetic fields and static electricity.
History
The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989 OSHAControlling electrical hazard promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility.Brainfilter.com In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace.ESFI Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 – for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations Standards are compared with those of IEEE and National Fire Protection Association.The history of electrical safety
Lightning and earthing protection Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of humans, structures, protecting buildings from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire, Transmission lines, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.http://www.electrical-knowhow.com
Earthing protection systems
TT system TN system IT systemElectrical installations
Lightning protection systems
lightning rod (simple rod or with triggering system) lightning rod with taut wires. lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)
Physiological effects of electricity Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage.Physiological Effects of Electricity The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock.Electrical injuries
Indirect contact – can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply Direct contact – can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protectionelectrical-installation.org
Electrical safety conductors
– NEC 2008 Table 250.122 – Safeco Electric Supply
Electrical safety standards – Australian Standards AS/NZS 3000:2007, AS/NZS 3012:2010, AS/NZS 3017:2007, AS/NZS 3760:2010, AS/NZS 4836:2011Australian Electrical Standards – National Regulation – NR10 – Български Държавен Стандарт – (On English:Bulgarian state standard) – БДС 12.2.096:1986 – GB4943, GB17625, GB9254CCC Certification – La norme français C 15-100 – Aspects de la norme d’installation électrique – IEEE/TÜV, NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2014/35/EUhttps://www.tuev-nord.de – India Standardization IS-5216, IS-5571, IS-6665Indian standard – – Polska Norma PN-EN 61010-2-201:2013-12EBezpieczenstwo-uzytkowania-i-funkcjonalne – ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р МЭК 61140-2000,ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р 52726-2007 НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СТАНДАРТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ Система стандартов безопасности труда – British standardsBritish standard BS 7671, BS EN 61439, BS 5266, BS 5839, BS 6423, BS 6626, BS EN 62305, BS EN 60529 – OSHA, NFPA 70, NFPA 70E
Lightning protection standards – БДС EN 62305-1:2011 – GB/T 36490–2018 – UNE 21186. Protección contra el rayo – Norme NF C 15–100 – DIN EN 62305–1 – IS 2309 – SNI 03–7015–2004 – PN-EN 62305 – СТО 083-004-2010,ГОСТ Р МЭК 62561.2-2014 – BS-EN 62305 – NFPA 780, IEC 62305
Electronics and communications Electronic products safety standards The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals. – CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1http://www.metlabs.com – CE Marking – MET MOC 023/96 – PSE law – NOM-152 – ANSI C95.3:1972 – Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.
Communication and high frequency safety standards Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency. – CB-02 Radio Equipmenthttp://www.metlabs.com – ГОСТ Р 50829-95 for radio Communication safety – ANSI/IEEE 1.2 mW/Cm for antennas 1800-2000 MHz range,High Frequency Radiation and Human Exposure Mahmoud M. Dawoud ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 for radio Communication safety Mobile Communication safety 73/23/EEC and 91/263/EECГОСТ
See also Extra-low voltage Electrical safety testing
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References