This page lists public opinion polls in connection with the 1996 Russian presidential election.

First round Candidates passing the second round are given in bold.

1992 to 1994

Date Agency Other Undecided Wouldn't vote AdditionalcandidatesDecember 1992PPRS 28 4 11 8 1427Makashov, Bakatin 41 January 1993VCIOM 4832 1 212 11 4184Khasbulatov 1mid-October 1993 FOM27 7 3264416191210–23 November 1993VCIOM 22.7 4.12.61.21.53.62.85.03.72.7 2.21.04.4 24.84.30.7Nemtsov 1.8, Borovoi 0.4, Skokov 0.2late-March 1994 FOM 4 13 7 5 2 5 5 2 2 1 15 20 17 25 June 1994 VCIOM 1 16 10 5 1 1 2 1 4 5 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 15 24 Baburin 1, Luzhkov, Popov, Skokov 0late-June 1994 FOM 2 12 12 6 2 3 4 8 2 3 1 2 1 5 14 21 Lebed 1July 1994Mnenie Poll Service3.8 11.39.1 5.9 2.6 4.0 6.937.718.54.1 10.7 5.7 3.8 6.9 7.2 41.119.8 August 1994 FOM3127 63127 232101115Solzhenitsyn 5, Lebed 2, Luzhkov 16 September 1994 VCIOM 2 19 11 5 1 1 3 1 5 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 35 Khasbulatov 1, Baburin, Lakhova, Lebed, Skokov 0

1995 polls

Date Agency Other Undecided Wouldn't vote Additional candidates 10 January 1995 VCIOM 2 9 2 7 6 2 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 2 0 2 3 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 00 3 38 Kovalev 2, Dudayev, Shokhin 0 January 1995 FOM 4 3 5 9 6 3 4 4 4 2 2 5 24 21 Kovalev 4 20 February 1995VCIOM 6 9 3 8 6 6 1 1 1 4 5 2 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 21 0 03 26 Abdulatipov, Kovalev 1, Dudayev, Shokhin 0 February 1995 FOM 5 3 4 14 6 2 4 4 3 1 1 5 24 22 Kovalev 2 February 1995 ROMIR 2.2 5.8 <1 4.1 4.9 <1 1.2 2.1 <1 <1 30 March 1995 VCIOM 5 8 3 10 6 8 1 1 1 4 5 2 1 1 0 7 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 222 30 March 1995 VCIOM 5 7 10 5 9 1 2 2 5 5 3 2 2 0 6 7 2 2 2 0 2 2 18 April 1995 FOM6 3 8 6 6 1 1 3 6 1 5 1 1 20 0 22816 Soskovets 020 April 1995 VCIOM 5 8 3 11 6 8 2 5 2 5 4 2 1 1 0 3 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 161910 May 1995 VCIOM 5 4 10 9 5 8 2 5 1 5 4 1 1 2 0 3 3 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 4 20 Kozyrev 0 25 May 1995 Obshchaya Gazeta 9 4 7 12 7 10 2 3 5 8 4 9 1 321Soskovets 120 June 1995 VCIOM 7 6 8 11 8 5 1 8 0 3 6 1 1 1 0 3 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 20 7 July 1995 VCIOM 4.2 5.6 2.3 8.1 6.3 5.5 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.3 17.2 7 July 1995 CESSI 6 7 14 12 6 10 3 5 2 1 1 5 23 Kozyrev, Starovoytova 2, Chubais 1, Grachev 012 July 1995 VCIOM 3.9 2.6 7.9 6.0 4.6 5.5 3.4 3.5 2.6 3.5 2.2 14.430 July 1995 VCIOM 8 7 7 8 7 5 1 7 2 3 4 1 0 1 2 1 3 0 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 22 10 October 1995 VCIOM 11 6 8 8 5 5 1 8 3 3 3 1 1 1 0 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 18 Khakamada 1, Anpilov, Grachev 0 11 October 1995 IFES 6 7 14 12 5 10 20 November 1995 VCIOM 10 3 6 8 7 5 1 5 3 2 3 1 0 1 0 3 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 2 25 5 Shcherbakov, Shokhin 0 10 December 1995 VCIOM 15 6 6 12 10 3 1 8 2 3 3 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 13 Abdulatipov, Anpilov, Grachev 0 21 December 1995 VCIOM 6 2 6 48

1996 polls

January

Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Cherno-myrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Rutskoy B. Fyodorov Govorukhin Other Wouldn't vote Additional candidates 14 January 1996 FOM 14.2 14.9 13.6 12.5 January 1996 VCIOM 21 8 10 11 11 January 1996 IISS 15 6 8 11 9 7 28 January 1996 VCIOM 20 8 10 13 10 8 1 7 3 29 January 1996 VCIOM 11.3 5.4 5.4 7.7 7.1 30 January 1996 VCIOM 18 10 9 12 10 5 1 4 3 3 0 1 1 2 11 10-31 January 1996 VCIOM 12 11 6 7 7 1 4 3 2 1 44

February

Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Cherno-myrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Rutskoy B. Fyodorov Other Against All Undecided Wouldn't vote Additional candidates 2 February 1996 New York Times 14 5 6 11 7 15 February 1996 RIISNP 16.4 10.0 10.4 12.9 8.8 1.1 1.2 15 February 1996 VCIOM 21 11 8 12 12 8 1 7 4 3 5 9 15 February 1996 VCIOM 2211 6 9 11 5 1 5 2 3 1 1 2 13 February 1996 ISNP 16.4 10.0 12.5 February 1996 IISS 18 8 7 8 11 6 Mid-February 1996 RIISNP 16.4 10.0 10.4 12.9 8.8 1.1 1.2 Mid-February 1996 VCIOM 24 11 8 9 12 7 0 5 4 18 February 1996 ROMIR 18 8 9 11 9 7 25 February 1996 VCIOM 18.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 10.0 8.0 0.6 29 February 1996 VCIOM 18.0 11.9 6.0 9.0 12.0 5.9

March

Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Shakkum Cherno-myrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Other Against All Undecided Wouldn't vote Additional candidates 2 March 1996 FOM 20 14 7 11 8 6 March 1996 ISNP 25.8 17.0 12.9 15 March 1996 VCIOM 24 17 7 10 8 4 1 2 2 8 Mid-March 1996 RIISNP 25.8 17.0 7.8 13.2 8.1 7.6 1.2 17 March 1996 VCIOM 25 15 8 11 9 7 1 1 4 2 3 17 March 1996 ROMIR 25.8 17.0 9.0 7.0 10–18 March 1996 CESSI 19.1 14.0 3.2 6.2 4.9 2.0 late-March 1996 ROMIR 27 19 9 late-March 1996 VCIOM 20 14 7 11 8 30 March 1996 VCIOM 23 18 8 12 7 7 1 5 3 2 3 11 31 March 1996 VCIOM 27 19 31 March 1996 ROMIR 26 17 9 7 31 March 1996 FOM 21 19 8 8 7 5 102146 End of March 1996 VCIOM 25 18 10 9 9 7 4 3

April

Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Cherno-myrdin Tuleyev Gaidar Other Against all Undecided Wouldn't vote Additional candidates4 April 1996 VCIOM 26 28 7 11 6 6 1 1 0 2 1 3 7 7 April 1996 FOM 25 21 6 9 6 3 9 1 9 4 18 10 April 1996 VCIOM 26 18 10 10 8 8 1 4 3 13 April 1996 FOM 22 23 6 8 8 5 5118 14 April 1996 ROMIR 27.0 22.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 7 April 1996 IISS 25 21 6 9 6 3 10–15 April ISP 38–47 16–20 8–10 8–9 6–7 2–4 1–2 15 April 1996 VCIOM 25 21 6 10 6 4 1 2 2 1 1 12 Mid-April 1996 RIISNP 28.0 23.8 10.3 12.7 8.5 6.7 1.1 17 April 1996 VCIOM 26.0 18.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 20 April 1996 FOM 22 22 6 8 7 5 33518 22 April 1996 CESSI 19.8 20.7 4.7 6.5 4.8 3.2 1.0 24 April 1996 VCIOM 27.0 21.0 8.0 11.0 9.0 4.0 2.0 24 April 1996 CESSI 19.8 20.8 5.0 7.0 5.0 3.0

May

Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Shakkum Staro-voytova Ushakov Tuleyev Podo-prigora Other Against all Undecided Additional candidates 27 April-2 May ISP 43–45 25 8 8 7 3 1–2 5 May 1996 VCIOM 27.0 28.0 6.0 9.0 7.0 7.0 1.0 2.0 5 May 1996The Russian Presidential Election: Prospects and Implications parliament.uk 10 June 1996 ROMIR 28.028.0 7.0 7.0 5.0 6.0 2.0 15 5 May 1996 ROMIR 25 29.0 6.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 11–12 May 1996 FOM 28 32 14 18 10 1.0 12 May 1996 ROMIR 25 32 5.0 9.0 5.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 9–14 May 1996 CESSI19.3 27.7 5.5 9.2 4.3 3.2 14 May 1996 27 28 May 1996 RIISNP 22.4 35.2 7.4 13.3 6.1 5.6 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.9 3.1 15 May 1996 VCIOM 22 36 7 10 6 5 1 0 0 1 2 0 3 17 May 1996 ISP 42 27.0 8.0 10.0 7.0 3.0 19 May 1996 VCIOM 26.0 33.0 7.0 9.0 7.0 4.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 19 May 1996 ROMIR 27.0 31.0 4.0 7.0 5.0 5.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 6–24 May 1996 VCIOM 13.9 23.5 3.3 6.0 3.2 2.2 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.5 43.7 19.4 29.5 7.2 12.5 5.0 6.1 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.1 1.4 0.1 11.4 26 May 1996 ROMIR 24.0 35.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 24–28 May 1996 ISP 36 36 7–8 10 5–7 4 30 May 1996 CESSI 19.7 32.6 5.6 5.9 5.7 31 May 1996 FOM 22 34

June

Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Shakkum Tuleyev Against all Wouldn't vote 3 June 1996 VCIOM 26.0 37.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 3.0 1.0 0.4 3 June 1996 ROMIR 23 35 7 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 7 June 1996 ISP 31 40 9 11 5 2 9 June 1996 FOM 30 34 7 6 8 2 2 8–10 June 1996 ROMIR 23 34 7 7 5 2 1 0 0 0 1 10 June 1996 VCIOM 24 39 7 9 5 3 1 1 0 0 0 2 10 5–11 June 1996 VCIOM 24.0 36.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 3.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.0 13 June 1996 Sovetskaya Rossiya 36 27 13 June 1996ISP 31 40 13 June 1996Betanelli 35.6 32.7 11.0 9.8 7.5 9.8 June 1996 VCIOM 19 33 8 10 6 3 1 3 1 2 11 June 1996 VCIOM 22 39 9 10 5 4 0 1 0 0 2 2 516 June 1996 Election result 32.5 35.8 14.7 7.4 5.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 1.6

Exit polls Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Lebed Yavlinsky Zhiri-novsky S. Fyodorov Gorbachev Bryntsalov Vlasov Shakkum Tuleyev Against all CESSI 29 35 14 10 7 Election result 32.5 35.8 14.7 7.4 5.8 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 1.6

Second round

Polls before runoff Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Against all Not vote Undecided 20 February 1995 VCIOM 19 23 58 January 1996 VCIOM 41 21 January 1996 VCIOM 33 19 20 15 13 28 January 1996 VCIOM 33 18 22 15 12 30 January 1996 VCIOM 36 25 32 7 13 February 1996 VCIOM 33 19 20 15 13 February 1996 RIISNP 32.3 25.2 36.3 February 1996 VCIOM 34 21 22 15 13 15 February 1996 VCIOM 36 26 24 14 Mid-February 1996 VCIOM 39 27 22 4 8 March 1996 VCIOM 37 29 mid-March VCIOM 32 24 17 12 12 17 March 1996 VCIOM 36 33 18 3 10 17 March 1996 ROMIR 40 31 12–24 March 1996 IISES 32 24 36 late-March VCIOM 30 29 21 12 10 late-March ROMIR 40 30 31 March 1996 VCIOM 32 24 21 12 11 10 April 1996 VCIOM 29 28 18 15 10 13 April 1996 FOM 17 22 14 April 1996 ROMIR 40 34 April 1996 RIISNP 36.5 31.7 20.8 17 April 1996 VCIOM 29 28 17 12 12 20 April 1996 ROMIR 40 36 28 April 1996 ROMIR 40 36 5 May 1996 ROMIR 33 41 5 May 1996 36 40 6 May 1996 VCIOM 29 31 17 9 14 12 May 1996 VCIOM 31 37 15 9 8 12 May 1996 ROMIR 32 42 14 May 1996 37 45 May 1996 ISP 42 27 May 1996 IISS 36-4716-20 17 May 1996 CESSI 27 43.1 11.5 19 May 1996 VCIOM 37 50 13 19 May 1996 ROMIR 32 43 6-24 May 1996VCIOM 35.2 48.3 16.5 26 May 1996 VCIOM 36 52 12 26 May 1996 ROMIR 30 46 30 May 1996 CESSI 27.6 47.9 9.5 3 June 1996 ROMIR 31 49 12 June 1996 VCIOM 36 53 11 12 June 1996 ROMIR 30 46

Polls during runoff Date Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Against all 16 June 1996 CNN/Moscow Times 24.8 50.0 1 July 1996 Betanelli 38.5 56.0 5.03 July 1996 Election result 40.7 54.4 4.9

Exit polls Agency Zyuganov Yeltsin Against all CESSI 41 54 Election result 40.7 54.4 4.9

Hypothetical polling With Chernomyrdin Date Agency Chernomyrdin Lebed Yavlinsky Against all Would not vote UndecidedJuly 1995 FOM 22 25 33 20September 1995 FOM 18 28 31 2414 January 1996 FOM 34.6 65.4 39.1 60.9

With B. Fyodorov Date Agency B. Fyodorov Lebed Zhirinovsky Against all Would not vote Undecided 20 February 1995 VCIOM 28 20 28 24 May 10, 1995 VCIOM 31 9 40 20

With S. Fyodorov Date Agency S. Fyodorov Gaidar Yavlinsky Against all Would not vote Undecided 20 February 1995 VCIOM 41 17 42 20 April 1995 VCIOM 30 31 19 19

With Gaidar Date Agency Gaidar S. Fyodorov Yavlinsky Zhirinovsky Zyuganov Against all Would not vote Undecided 20 May 1994 VCIOM 38 14 48 June 1994 FOM 11 24 30 20 15 20 February 1995 VCIOM 17 41 42 May 10, 1995 VCIOM 20.4 29.6 50 10–23 November 1995 VCIOM 26 20 38 17

With Lebed

Date Agency Lebed Chernomyrdin B. Fyodorov Yavlinsky Yeltsin Zyuganov Against all Would not vote Undecided 20 February 1995 VCIOM 20 28 24 10 January 1996 ROMIR 35 29 14 January 1996 FOM 65.4 34.6 47.25 52.75 57.9 42.1 28 January 1996 VCIOM 28 28 20 12 1230 January 1996 VCIOM 32 39 33 21 640 22 32 6 34 33 27 7 13 February 1996 VCIOM 23 31 24 12 10 February 1996 RIISNP 24.9 29.3 38.7 12–24 March 1996 IISES 35 32 24 28 50 31 March 1996 VCIOM 23 30 24 12 11 10 April 1996 VCIOM 28 26 18 16 12 April 1996 RIISNP 24.8 35.4 27.1

Isolated table of Lebed–Zyuganov polls Date Agency Lebed Zyuganov Against all Would not vote Undecided 10 January 1996 ROMIR 35 29 14 January 1996 FOM 57.9 42.1 28 January 1996 VCIOM 28 28 20 12 12 30 January 1996 VCIOM 34 33 27 7 13 February 1996 VCIOM 23 31 24 12 10 February 1996 RIISNP 24.9 29.3 38.7 31 March 1996 VCIOM 23 30 24 12 11 10 April 1996 VCIOM 28 26 18 16 12 April 1996 RIISNP 24.8 35.4 27.1

With Nemtsov Date Agency Nemtsov Zhirinovsky Against all Would not vote Undecided May 10, 1995https://wciom.ru/zh/print_q.php?s_id=431&q_id=34612&date=10.05.1995 VCIOM 31 10 42 17

With Pamfilova Date Agency Pamfilova Yavlinsky Against all Would not vote Undecided 20 February 1995 VCIOM 20 34 46

With Rutskoy Date Agency Rutskoy Yavlinsky Yeltsin Zhirinovsky Against all Would not vote Undecided 10–23 November 1993 VCIOM 15.7 37.4 46.9 June 1994 FOM 19 24 30 18 9 20 February 1995 VCIOM 25 11 64

With Yavlinsky