Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo

The Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory and metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in the Marche region of Italy."Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016."Metropolitan Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

It has existed in its present form since 1986, when the Archdiocese of Ancona was united with the historical Diocese of Osimo. Since earliest times, the diocese has been directly subject to the Holy See without intermediate authorities.Kehr, p. 195.

The archbishop has his episcopal throne in the Cathedral of Ancona, while the Cathedral of Osimo has the status of a co-cathedral.

In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the archbishop of Ancona was frequently a cardinal. One, Prospero Lambertini, became Pope Benedict XIV.

History

On 19 October 1422, by virtue of the bull Ex supernae majestatis, Pope Martin V decreed the union of the diocese of Ancona and the diocese of Numana (Humana, Umana). Except for the title, the diocese of Numana was completely suppressed.Cappelletti, VII, pp. 109-112, quoting the bull in full. The bull uses the phrase, incorporatio, annexio, et unio.

On 14 September 1904, the Consistorial Congregation of the Papal Curia issued a decree, which had been approved by Pope Pius X, elevating the diocese of Ancona-Numantia to the rank of archiepiscopal see, without any suffragans and with the status and geographical definition of the diocese unchanged. The decree also granted the archbishops the use of the pallium and the archiepiscopal cross, but only within the confines of their own diocese. Cardinal Achille Manara was continued as head of the archdiocese, now as archbishop.Acta Sanctae Sedis Volumen XXXVII (Roma 1904–05), pp. 195-200.

On 15 August 1972, by the bull Qui apostolico officio, Pope Paul VI created the new ecclesiastical province of Ancona, and granted its archbishop the status of Metropolitan. The ecclesiastical province was assigned the suffragan dioceses of Jesi (Aesina) and Osimo (Auximana).Acta Apostolicae Sedis An. et Vol. LXIV (Città del Vaticano: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1972), pp. 664-665.

On 5 July 1975, having obtained the permission of Pope Paul VI, the Congregation of Bishops ordered that the title of the archdiocese should only be the Archdiocese of Ancona. The title of Numana was reserved, to become a titular bishopric.Acta Apostolicae Sedis An. et Vol. LXVII (Città del Vaticano: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1975), p. 557: Quapropter Summus Pontifex Paulus, Divina Providentia Pp. VI, in Audientia diei 5 iulii 1975, referente infrascripto Cardinale sacrae Congregationis pro Episcopis Praefecto, oblatis precibus benigne annuendum censuit simulque statuit, ut titulus praefatae Ecclesiae Numanensis seu Humanatensis, ne omnino periret, in Indice Sedium Titularium insereretur atque Episcopis titularibus nuncupatis conferretur.

The diocese of Ancona was united to the diocese of Osimo by a decree of the Congregation of Bishops on 30 September 1986. Its name was to be Archidioecesis Anconitana-Auximana. The seat of the diocese was to be in Ancona. The former cathedral in Osimo was to have the honorary title of co-cathedral, and its chapter was to be the Capitulum Concathedralis. There was to be only one episcopal curia, one seminary, one ecclesiastical tribunal; and all the clergy were to be incardinated in the diocese of Ancona–Osimo.Acta Apostolicae Sedis An. et Vol. LXXIX (Città del Vaticano: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis 1987), pp. 642-645.

Cathedral and chapter

The cathedral of Ancona suffered considerable damage in World War I, when the Austrian navy bombarded the port of Ancona in May 1915.

In 816, the Emperor Louis the Pious held a council at Aix, at which it was ordered that Canons and Canonesses live together according to a set of rules (canons, regulae). In the Roman synod of Pope Eugene II of November 826, it was ordered that Canons live together in a cloister next to the church. In 876, the Council of Pavia decreed in Canon X that the bishops should enclose the Canons: uti episcopi in civitatibus suis proximum ecclesiae claustrum instituant, in quo ipsi cum clero secundum canonicam regulam Deo militent, et sacerdotes suos ad hoc constringant, ut ecclesiam non relinquant et alibi habitare praesumant. 'Bishops are to create a cloister next to their church, in which they serve God along with their clergy according to the rule of canons, and they should compel their priests not to leave the church and presume to live elsewhere.'

The earliest history of the Chapter of S. Cyriaco is without documentation. In 1179, however, Pope Alexander III issued a bull, confirming the Archdeacon and his colleagues in the Chapter all the rights, privileges and property which they possessed. In the bull he mentions their right to offerings made at certain altars in the cathedral, which had been granted by Bishops Transbertus, Marcellinus and Bernardus. The Chapter was therefore in existence by the very end of the 11th century.Peruzzi, p. 101, 151. The text in which the names of Bishops Transbertus, Marcellinus, and Bernardus occurs was published by P. Kehr, in Nachrichten von der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschafter zu Göttingen, philologisch-historische Klasse (Berlin: Weidmann 1909), pp. 470-472.

Bishop Gerardus fixed the maximum number of Canons in the cathedral Chapter at twelve. He then obtained a bull from Pope Honorius III in 1224 which confirmed his action.Ughelli, p. 334. Cappelletti, p. 58. However, Peruzzi (p. 152) gives the title of the bull, Ecclesiarum utilitati, and provides the date of 12 July 1216; but Honorius III had not yet been elected pope on that date. The full text, but only with the date of anno octavo (AD 1224), is given by The date of Kalendas julii, pontificatus anno octavo (1 July 1224) is given by From early times there were three dignities: the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, and the Primicerius.Peruzzi, p. 153.

In 1622, the Chapter of the Cathedral of S. Cyriaco was composed of two dignities and twelve Canons.Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 82, note 1. In 1710, in addition to the twelve Canons, there were four dignities: these included the Primicerius, the Archdeacon, and the Archpriest.Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 83 note 1. In 1746, there were three dignities.Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, p. 82 note 1.

The Collegiate Church of S. Maria della Piazza in Ancona was also served by a Chapter, composed of a Provost and six Canons.Ughelli, p. 326.

Synods

A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

Bishop Luigi Galli (1622–1657) presided over a diocesan synod in Ancona in 1654.Synodus Anconitana a Luigi Gallo episcopo habita. Ancona: Salvioni 1654. Galli held a total of four diocesan synods, according to Cappelletti, p. 124. A diocesan synod was held by Cardinal Giannicolò Conti (1666–1698) on 4–5 November 1674. Cappelletti, p. 124.

Cardinal Marcello d'Aste (1700–1709) held a diocesan synod in Ancona in 1708; its Constitutions were published in 1738. Cardinal Giovanni Battista Bussi (1710–1726) presided over a diocesan synod in the cathedral at Ancona on 15–18 September 1726. Cardinal Bartolomeo Massei (1731–1745) held a diocesan synod in the cathedral of S. Cyriaco on 26–28 October 1738. Cardinal Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini (1766–1782) held a diocesan synod on 1–3 September 1779.

On 13–15 November 1883, Cardinal Achille Manara held a diocesan synod in the cathedral of Ancona.Synodus dioecesana ab Illustrissimo ac Reverendissimo domino Achille Manara Episcopo Anconitano et Humanatensi celebrata, diebus XIII, XIV et XV novembris MDCGCLXXXIII in cathedrali Ecclesia. Anconae, 1884, typ. G. Cherubini.

Bishops of Ancona

... Judas Cyriacus ?Cyriacus: Lanzoni, pp. 383-384. ... Primianus ... [Marcus ?]Lanzoni, p. 385, notes that the second edition of Ughelli leaves his name out. Peruzzi, p. 92, and Gams, p. 664, however, keep the name. Marcus is just a name, without documentary support. ... Ignotus (attested 496)Kehr, p. 195, no. 1. ... Traso ( ? )Ughelli I, p. 329, dates Traso c. 498–510. This is rejected by Lanzoni, p. 385. ... Marcellinus (6th cent. ?)Marcellinus: Lanzoni, p. 385, no. 2. ... [Thomas]Thomas is known only from a brief mention in a miracle sequence in the "Acts of Saint Marcellinus". Lanzoni, p. 385. ... Serenus (attested 598, 603)Pope Gregory I wrote to Bishop Serenus in November 598, ordering him to intervene in a financial problem involving Serenus, a deacon of the Church of Ancona. In December 1603, the Church of Ancona was in the hands of an Apostolic Visitor, Bishop Serenus having died; Arminius, the Visitor, and Archbishop John of Rimini, are instructed to investigate the careers of two candidates for the office of Bishop of Ancona: the Archdeacon Florentinus, Florentinus a deacon, and Rusticus a deacon. Peruzzi, p. 93. Kehr, p. 196, nos. 2-4. ...

Maurosus (attested 649)Bishop Maurosus was present at the Lateran Synod of Pope Martin I in October 649. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciloiorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus X (Florence: A. Zatta 1764), p. 866. Peruzzi, p. 94. Cappelletti, p. 29 ... Joannes (attested 680)Bishop Joannes was present at the Roman Synod of Pope Agatho on 27 March 680. J.-P. Migne (ed.), Patrologiae Latinae Tomus LXXXVII (Paris 1863), p. 1244. Peruzzi, p. 95. ... Senator (attested 743)Bishop Senator was present at the Roman Synod of Pope Zacharias in 743. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciloiorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XII (Florence: A. Zatta 1766), p. 384c. Peruzzi, p. 95. ... Tigrinus (attested 826)Bishop Tigrinus was present at the Roman Synod of Pope Eugenius II on 15 November 826. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciloiorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XIV (Venice: A. Zatta 1769), p. 1000. Philippus Jaffé and S. Lowenfeld, Regesta pontificum Romanorum Vol. I, second ed. (Leipzig: Veit 1885), p. 321. Peruzzi, pp. 95-96. ... Leopardus (attested 869)According to Peruzzi (p. 96) and Ughelli (I, p. 330), Leopardus was instituted by Pope Nicholas I (858–867). In 866, according to Ughelli, he was sent to spread the gospel in Bulgaria. In 869, Pope Hadrian II wrote to King Michael of the Bulgarians, mentioning his legates Leopardus of Ancona and Dominicus of Treviso. Philippus Jaffé and S. Lowenfeld, p. 372, no. 2925. Paulus (attested 873, 878, 880)Bishop Paul had been a papal legate in Germany and Pannonia in 873–874, and carried papal letters for Bishop Methodius, forbidding the use of Sclavonic in the Mass. Philippus Jaffé and S. Lowenfeld, pp. 379-380, nos. 2976-2978. He was papal ambassador to Constantinople during the Photian schism, but on his return, in August 880, he was deposed by Pope John VIII. Peruzzi, p. 97. Cappelletti, pp. 32-33. ... Bolongerius (Benolegerius) (attested 887)is attested by a document published by L. Muratori, but the document, a donation to a monastery by Bishop Teodosio (his name was really Teodicio) of Fermo in the presence of Charles the Bald, has been denounced as a forgery. Peruzzi, pp. 97-98. Cappelletti, p. 33. ... Erfermarius (attested 967, 968)Erfermarius was present at the synod of Ravenna, held by Pope John XIII on 25 April 967. He also participated in the Roman synod of John XIII on 2 January 968. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XVIII (Venice: A. Zatta 1773), p. 499. Schwartz, p. 240. ...