Malyukov (masculine, ) or Malyukova (feminine, ), also transliterated as Maliukov, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksey Malyukov (born 1950), Russian hammer thrower and athletics coach Oleg Malyukov (born 1965), Russian footballer and manager Oleg Olegovich Malyukov (born 1985), Russian footballer and manager