In mass spectrometry, a matrix is a compound that promotes the formation of ions. Matrix compounds are used in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), and fast atom bombardment (FAB).
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MALDI is an ionization technique where laser energy is absorbed by a matrix to create ions from large molecules without fragmentation. The matrix, typically in excess, is mixed with the analyte molecule and deposited on a target. A table of matrix compounds, their structures, laser wavelengths typically used, and typical application is shown below.
+ MALDI Matrix List Compound Abbreviation Structure Wavelength (nm) Applications9-aminoacridine9AA337lipids, metabolitesα-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CHCA 337, 355 peptides, lipids, nucleotidesferulic acid FA 337, 355, 266 proteins DHB 337, 355 peptides, nucleotides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides3-hydroxy picolinic acid HPA 337, 355 oligonucleotidespicolinic acid PA 266 oligonucleotides sinapinic acid SA 337, 355, 266 peptides, proteins, lipids
Matrix-assisted ionization Matrix-assisted ionization is an ionization method in mass spectrometry that creates ions via the creation of particles at atmospheric pressure and transfer to the vacuum of the mass analyzer.
+ List of Matrix-assisted Ionization Compounds Compound Abbreviation Structure2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acidDHB 2-aminobenzyl alcohol anthranilic acid 2-hydroxyacetophenone
Fast atom bombardment FAB uses a high energy beam of atoms directed at a surface to create ions. FAB matrix compounds are typically liquids.
+ FAB Matrix List Compound Abbreviation Structureglycerol thioglycerol 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol NBA 18-crown-6 ether 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether NPOE diethanolamine triethanolamine
See also Desorption/ionization on silicon
References