The following mammal species have been recorded in Zanzibar and Pemba islands of eastern coast of Tanzania Archipelago. The first detailed work on mammalian diversity of these two islands was done from 1942 to 1983. Out of 53 mammals found in Zanzibar, 17 species are found only in Zanzibar islands, whereas 6 species are restricted to Pemba Island and 17 others found in both islands. Seven introduced species such as mongooses, pigs and rat species are also abundant.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its historic range. CR Critically endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not currently qualify as being at high risk of extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern The species is not currently at risk of extinction in the wild. DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to assess the risk of extinction for this species.

The mammals restricted only to Pemba Island are highlighted by P.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews) The order Eulipotyphla contains the shrews of southern Africa and the shrew moles, comprising four living families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.

Family: Soricidae (musk shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Greater red musk shrew, Crocidura flavescens ssp. nyansae LC Bicolored musk shrew, Crocidura fuscomurina ssp. sansibarica LC Savanna path shrew, Crocidura viaria ssp. suahelae LC Genus: Suncus Asian house shrew, Suncus murinus LC

Order: Macroscelidea (elephant shrews) Often called elephant shrews or jumping shrews are native to southern Africa.

Family: Macroscelididae (elephant-shrews) Genus: Rhynchocyon Black and rufous sengi, Rhynchocyon petersi ssp. adersi VU

Order: Chiroptera (bats) Bats are the only true fliers among the mammals. They fly using the membranous skin attached to their elongated fingers. The species are found across the globe and account for 20% of mammals described.

Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) Subfamily: Pteropodinae Genus: Eidolon Straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum ssp. helvum LC Genus: Epomophorus Minor epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus minor LC Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus wahlbergi ssp. wahlbergi LC Genus: Pteropus Pemba flying fox, Pteropus voeltzkowi VU - P Genus: Rousettus Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus ssp. leachii LC Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Neoromicia Cape serotine, Neoromicia capensis ssp. grandidieri LC Banana pipistrelle, Neoromicia nanus ssp. nanus LC Genus: Scotophilus Lesser yellow bat, Scotophilus borbonicus DD Schreber's yellow bat, Scotophilus nigrita NT Family: Emballonuridae Genus: Coleura African sheath-tailed bat, Coleura afra LC - P Genus: Taphozous Mauritian tomb bat, Taphozous mauritianus LC Family: Nycteridae Genus: Nycteris Large slit-faced bat, Nycteris grandis LC Hairy slit-faced bat, Nycteris hispida LC Large-eared slit-faced bat, Nycteris macrotis ssp. luteola LC Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica LC Family: Megadermatidae Genus: Cardioderma Heart-nosed bat, Cardioderma cor LC Genus: Lavia Yellow-winged bat, Lavia frons LC Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Rhinolophinae Genus: Rhinolophus Decken's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus deckenii DD Swinny's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus swinnyi NT Subfamily: Hipposiderinae Genus: Hipposideros Sundevall's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros caffer ssp. caffer LC Commerson's leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros commersoni ssp. marungensis NT Family: Molossidae Genus: Mops Sierra Leone free-tailed bat, Mops brachypterus LC Genus: Chaerephon Little free-tailed bat, Chaerephon pumilus LC

Order: Primates The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives ranging from lemurs, lorisoids, and tarsiers, to monkeys and great apes. One of the most intelligent groups of mammals, they are well distributed around Africa, South America and Asia with more than 100 described species.

Suborder: Strepsirrhini Infraorder: Lemuriformes Superfamily: Lorisoidea Family: Galagidae Genus: Galagoides Zanzibar bushbaby, Galagoides zanzibaricus LR/nt Genus: Otolemur Northern greater galago, Otolemur garnettii ssp. garnettii LR/lc Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) Genus: Chlorocebus Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus ssp. nesiotes LR/lc - P Blue monkey, Cercopithecus mitis ssp. albogularis LR/lc Subfamily: Colobinae Genus: Procolobus Zanzibar red colobus, Procolobus kirkii EN Superfamily: Hominoidea Family: Hominidae Subfamily: Homininae Tribe: Hominini Genus: Homo Human, Homo sapiens ssp. sapiens LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans) Well over 250 species of carnivorans, they are the supreme specialists which fill up the highest ranks in food webs.

Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Panthera Leopard, P. pardus Zanzibar leopard, P. p. pardus possibly Family: Herpestidae (mongooses) Genus: Atilax Marsh mongoose, Atilax paludinosus ssp. rubescens LR/lc - P Genus: Bdeogale Bushy-tailed mongoose, Bdeogale crassicauda ssp. tenuis LR/lc Genus: Galerella Slender mongoose, Galerella sanguinea LR/lc Genus: Mungos Banded mongoose, Mungos mungo LR/lc Family: Viverridae (civets, mongooses, etc.) Subfamily: Viverrinae Genus: Genetta Servaline genet, Genetta servalina Zanzibar servaline genet, G. s. archeri Genus: Civettictis African civet, Civettictis civetta LR/lc

Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes) Hyraxes are small, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea, which included 4 living species.

Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes) Genus: Dendrohyrax Southern tree hyrax, Dendrohyrax arboreus LC

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) The Artiodactyls are even-toed ungulates. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans, such as cattle, and antelopes.

Family: Suidae (pigs) Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Potamochoerus Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus LR/lc Genus: Sus Wild boar, Sus scrofa LR/lc Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats) Genus: Cephalophus Aders's duiker, Cephalophus adersi CR Blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola ssp. sundavalli LR/lc Genus: Neotragus Suni, Neotragus moschatus LC

Order: Rodentia (rodents) Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have ever growing two incisors in the upper and lower jaw.

Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Sciuridae (squirrels) Subfamily: Xerinae Tribe: Protoxerini Genus: Heliosciurus Zanj sun squirrel, Heliosciurus undulatus DD Red bush squirrel, Paraxerus palliatus ssp. frerei LC Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.) Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Cricetomys Gambian pouched rat, Cricetomys gambianus ssp. cosensi LC Genus: Mus House mouse, Mus musculus ssp. gentilis LC Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus LC Black rat, Rattus rattus LC

See also List of chordate orders Lists of mammals by region Mammal classification List of mammals described in the 2000s

Notes

References

External links Online key to mammals of Tanzania