Mary Barber may refer to:
Mary Barber (poet) (c. 1685–c. 1755), Irish poet Mary Elizabeth Barber (1818–1899), British-born naturalist Mary Barber (bacteriologist) (1911–1965), British pathologist and bacteriologist Mary Augustine Barber (1789–1860), American educator and Visitation sister
See also Mary Barbour (1875–1958), Scottish political activist, local councillor, bailie and magistrate