Karpukhin (masculine, ) or Karpukhina (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Artur Karpukhin (born 1995), Russian soccer player Elena Karpukhina (born 1951), Russian rhythmic gymnast Nadezhda Karpukhina (born 1949), Soviet diver Viktor Karpukhin (disambiguation), multiple people