The Eastern Hills of Bogotá is a threatened but rich area of biodiversity. Various species have been registered in the Eastern Hills of the Colombian capital.

Flora

In the Eastern Hills a total of 443 species of flora have been identified, of which 156 species in 111 genera and 64 families of vascular plants.Ramírez Hernández et al., 2015

Family Genera Species Orchideae 33 118 Bromeliaceae 10 47 Asteraceae 9 38 Ericaceae 8 19 Melastomaceae 9 18 Rosaceae 6 15 Rubiaceae 6 11

A study published in 2013 lists as most important and characteristic species:Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.234Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.235Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.236Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.238Cantillo & Gracia, 2013, p.239

Name Species Image eagle fern Pteridium aquilinum encenillo Weinmannia tomentosa Drimys granadensis Axinaea macrophylla Bejaria resinosa Carex jamesonii Cavendishia bracteata Chaetogastra grossa, syn. Tibouchina grossa Chusquea scandens Clusia multiflora Disterigma alaternoides Gaiadendron punctatum Holodiscus argenteus Lycopodium thyoides Macleania rupestris Munnozia senecionidis Myrcianthes rhopaloides Myrsine coriaceae Myrsine guianensis Odontoglossum lindenii Oreopanax floribundum Tillandsia pastensis Tillandsia turneri Ugni myricoides Asplenium serra Begonia urticae Clethra fimbriata Diplostephium rosmarinifolium Elaphoglossum minutum Geissanthus andinus Hedyosmun parvifolium Hypnum amabile Macrocarpaea glabra Miconia squamulosa Monochaetum myrtoideum Morella parvifolia Ocotea sericea Oreopanax bogotensis Oreopanax mutisianus Pentacalia vaccinioides Peperomia rotundata Persea mutissi Piper bogotense Pleurothallis grandiflora Psychotria boqueronensis Rhamnus goudotiana Solanum oblongifolium Weinmannia rollottii

Birds

Colombia is the country with the most recorded bird species (1912 as of 2014) in the world.1912 bird species in Colombia available online – ProAves.org The biodiversity of bird species in the Eastern Hills is higher than in the parks of urban Bogotá. The northern part of the reserve is richer in bird species due to the dense forests and larger space between the urban zones. Birds of 30 families, 92 genera and 119 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. A study in 2011 provided data on 67 species in an area of .Peraza, 2011, p.58 The observation stations were between and in elevation.Peraza, 2011, p.59

Common name Species Image white-bellied woodstar Acestrura mulsant yellow-billed cacique Amblycercus holosericeus red-crested cotinga Ampelion rubrocristatus scarlet-bellied mountain tanager Anisognathus igniventris white-browed brush finch Arremon torquatus pale-naped brush finch Atlapetes pallidinucha slaty brush finch Atlapetes schistaceus russet-crowned warbler Basileuterus coronatus black-crested warbler Basileuterus nigrocristatus broad-winged hawk Buteo platypterus band-winged nightjar Caprimulgus longirostris band-tailed seedeater Catamenia analis plain-colored seedeater Catamenia inornata Swainson's thrush Catharus ustulatus rufous wren Cinnycerthia unirufa yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus golden-bellied starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei crested bobwhite Colinus cristatus rufous-browed conebill Conirostrum rufum black vulture Coragyps atratus Blackburnian warbler Dendroica fusca white-sided flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera bluish flowerpiercer Diglossa caerulescens grey-bellied flowerpiercer Diglossa carbonaria masked flowerpiercer Diglossa cyanea black flowerpiercer Diglossa humeralis mountain elaenia Elaenia frantzii white-tailed kite Elanus leucurus glowing puffleg Eriocnemis vestita American kestrel Falco sparverius Andean pygmy owl Glaucidium jardinii chestnut-crowned antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla black-eared hemispingus Hemispingus melanotis superciliaried hemispingus Hemispingus superciliaris grey-breasted wood wren Henicorhina leucophrys barn swallow Hirundo rustica golden-crowned tanager Iridosornis rufivertex green-tailed trainbearer Lesbia nuna white-throated tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys Tyrian metaltail Metallura thyrianthina golden-fronted whitestart Myioborus ornatus streak-throated bush tyrant Myiotheretes striaticollis brown-bellied swallow Notiochelidon murina band-tailed pigeon Patagioenas fasciata Andean guan Penelope montagnii plumbeous sierra finch Phrygilus unicolor smoky-brown woodpecker Picoides fumigatus fawn-breasted tanager Pipraeidea melanonota purple-backed thornbill Ramphomicron microrhynchum eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna house wren Troglodytes aedon great thrush Turdus fuscater eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus eared dove Zenaida auriculata rufous-collared sparrow Zonotrichia capensis black-chested mountain tanager Buthraupis eximia blue-throated starfrontlet Coeligena helianthea brown-backed chat-tyrant Ochthoeca fumicolor buff-breasted mountain tanager Dubusia taeniata cinnamon flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus coppery-bellied puffleg Eriocnemis cupreoventris many-striped canastero Asthenes flammulata sparkling violetear Colibri coruscans yellow-backed oriole Icterus chrysater pale-bellied tapaculo Scytalopus griseicollis rufous-banded owl Ciccaba albitarsis silvery-throated spinetail Synallaxis subpudica tawny-rumped tyrannulet Phyllomyias uropygialis white-throated screech owl Megascops albogularis

Mammals Mammals of 14 families, 17 genera and 18 species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. Until the first half of the twentieth century, the Eastern Hills were populated by larger species as the puma, spectacled bear and white-tailed deer, but these species have been hunted to extinction. Biodiversidad y conservación – Cerros al oriente de Bogotá

Common name Species Image crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous mountain paca Cuniculus taczanowskii white-eared opossum Didelphis albiventris eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis oncilla Leopardus tigrinus long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata western dwarf coati Nasuella olivacea red-tailed squirrel Sciurus granatensis tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis soft-furred Oldfield mouse Thomasomys laniger snow-footed Oldfield mouse Thomasomys niveipes Thomas' small-eared shrew Cryptotis thomasi Cavia anolaimae

Reptiles

Reptiles of four families, five genera and five species have been identified in the Eastern Hills. Fauna of the Eastern Hills Of these species, only the lizards Anadia bogotensis and Proctoporus striatus have been found on the Guadalupe Hill.Suna Hisca, s.a., p.339 The striped lightbulb lizard is also present on the terrain of the Universidad de los Andes.Mendoza R. & Rodríguez Barbosa, 2014, p.12

Common name Species Image flat Andes anole Phenacosaurus heterodermus striped lightbulb lizard Proctoporus striatus Duméril's whorltail iguana Stenocercus trachycephalus thickhead ground snake Atractus crassicaudatus Anadia bogotensis

Amphibians Amphibians of four families, six genera and nine species have been identified in the Eastern Hills.

Common name Species Image Peter's climbing salamander Bolitoglossa adspersa Centrolene buckleyi cream-backed poison frog Colostethus subpunctatus Bogota robber frog Eleutherodactylus bogotensis elegant robber frog Eleutherodactylus elegans green dotted treefrog Hyla labialis Bogota treefrog Hyla bogotensis Edwards' rocket frog Colostethus edwardsi

Fish Three species of fish have been identified in the waters of the Eastern Hills. Of Trichomycterus venulosus only two specimens have been found, and it is thought the species is extinct in the rivers of the Eastern Hills, which may have to do with the introduction of trout.Trichomycterus venulosus – IUCN Red List

Common name Species Image rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Trichomycterus venulosus Trichomycterus bogotense

Butterflies In the Eastern Hills two species of butterflies have been identified.Los cerros, s.a., p.25

Common name Species Image Julia butterfly Dryas iulia common green-eyed white Leptophobia aripa aripa

See also

List of flora and fauna named after the Muisca Biodiversity of Colombia Thomas van der Hammen Natural Reserve

References

Bibliography