60 Wall Street (formerly the J.P. Morgan Bank Building or Deutsche Bank Building) is a 55-story, skyscraper on Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S. The tower was designed by Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo of Roche-Dinkeloo and originally built for J.P. Morgan & Co. The building's design was intended to fit its surroundings with a postmodern, Greek Revival, and neoclassical look. Since 2017, 60 Wall Street has been mostly owned by GIC Singapore, with Paramount Group as the minority owner.
60 Wall Street was designed with of floor area. The building's four-story base was designed with columns resembling architectural arcades, while the upper stories are faced in glass and stone. The eight stories below the hip roof contain corners that resemble columns. The ground floor contains an enclosed public atrium connecting the building's entrances at Wall and Pine Streets, with plantings and a subway entrance. The second through fourth floors were designed as trading floors, while the other stories were offices for J.P. Morgan & Co. and then Deutsche Bank.
What is now 60 Wall Street replaced several buildings occupied by Cities Service. The American International Group and Bank of New York originally planned a 60-story office tower on the site in 1979, but these plans were abandoned in 1982. The site was then acquired by Park Tower Realty Company, who sold it in 1985 to J.P. Morgan & Co. The project was finished in 1989, with J.P. Morgan occupying the whole building. Starting in 2001, the building served as the American headquarters of Deutsche Bank after the Deutsche Bank Building was severely damaged and 4 World Trade Center was destroyed in the September 11 attacks. The Paramount Group bought the building in 2007, and GIC bought a majority stake from Paramount in 2017. The owners announced a renovation of 60 Wall Street in 2021, after Deutsche Bank announced its intention to move out; the plans prompted protests from preservationists, who advocated for the facade and lobby to be preserved.
Site 60 Wall Street is in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City, New York, U.S. It occupies the middle of a city block bounded by Pine Street to the north, Pearl Street to the east, Wall Street to the south, and William Street to the west. The slightly irregular land lot occupies , with a frontage of on Wall Street and a depth of between Wall and Pine Streets. Underlying the site of 60 Wall Street is a layer of Manhattan schist, which peaks underneath the center of the site and slopes downward to the west and east.
The building shares the city block with 48 Wall Street to the west and 72 Wall Street to the east. Other nearby buildings include Our Lady of Victory Church, 56 Pine Street, and Down Town Association to the northwest; 70 Pine Street to the north; One Wall Street Court to the southeast; 63 Wall Street and 75 Wall Street to the south; and 55 Wall Street to the southwest.
Previous buildings Directly before the construction of the current tower by Roche/Dinkeloo, the site had contained seven buildings from 52 to 70 Wall Street. Several of these structures, along with the neighboring 70 Pine Street, had contained part of the headquarters of oil company Cities Service in the mid-20th century. At the original structure at 60 Wall Street, there was a footbridge connecting to 70 Pine Street, as well as a tunnel to the same building. To save money, Cities Service demolished all the properties comprising the site (except 52 Wall Street) in 1974, when the firm moved its headquarters to Tulsa, Oklahoma.
The westernmost building on the site was an office building of around 33 stories at 52 Wall Street. It had been designed by McKim, Mead & White for the National City Bank Corporation and developed in 1927. Immediately to the east was the building at 54 Wall Street, a , nine-story office building completed in 1886 and owned by the Central Trust Company of New York. The adjacent lot at 56 Wall Street was a five-story office building, which in turn consisted of two office structures developed before 1857.
The original building with the address 60 Wall Street was a office building, completed around 1905. Designed by Clinton & Russell for the International Banking Corporation, it had twenty-six stories on Pine Street and fourteen on Wall Street. The next building to the east was a 11-story office building at 64–66 Wall Street, developed in 1907. That building had contained a three-story addition at 68 Wall Street, designed by McKim, Mead & White in 1917. The easternmost building was a 12-story, structure at 70 Wall Street, developed in 1927. Number 70 had been developed for the Commercial Exchange Bank but was instead occupied by the Municipal Bank of Brooklyn.
Architecture 60 Wall Street, also previously known as the J.P. Morgan Bank Building or Deutsche Bank Building, was designed by Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo of Roche-Dinkeloo. It contains of space. According to The Skyscraper Center and Emporis, the building has 55 stories and is tall. The general contractor was Tishman Realty & Construction, while the steel contractor was Frankel Steel, a subsidiary of Canadian company Harris Steel Group Inc. WSP Cantor Seinuk was the structural engineer.
Form and facade
60 Wall Street is designed to fit its surroundings with a postmodern, Greek revival, and neoclassical look to emphasize both height and size. The building's base is four stories high. The base consists of arcades with paired columns on both Wall and Pine Streets, a reference to 55 Wall Street to the south. The columns are tall. According to Kevin Roche of Roche-Dinkeloo, the design was "the idea of the column [...] used in a schematic way to articulate the form of the shaft of the building." The design of the cornices on adjacent buildings also influenced the placement of a cornice above the base. The mullions between the windows are made of bronze, which are painted in an aluminum color above street level. In 2021, Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF) was hired to redesign the building's base with a portico and triple-height windows overlooking the ground-story atrium.
On the stories above the base, the corners of 60 Wall Street are notched inward. The notches are designed in a similar pattern to the columns on the base, with alternating strips of ribbon windows and curtain-wall panels to resemble banded pilasters. The center portion of each facade is made of glass with horizontal bands of green and pink granite. The exteriors are designed with curved steel truss frames behind the thin layers of stone. The corners of the eight stories below the roof, starting from the 42nd floor, are arranged to look like columns similar to those on the base. According to architectural writer Robert A. M. Stern, the corners "visually strengthened the corners of the tower".
60 Wall Street contains a hip roof, designed as a variation of a pyramidal roof. The roof is clad with copper and is tall. The roof was inspired by the pyramidal roofs of other skyscrapers on Wall Street. According to a vice president of the building's original developer Park Tower Realty Corporation, "A distinctive top makes a substantial difference as part of a good building." The roof includes mechanical equipment, as well as microwave and satellite communications machinery. In January 2012, Deutsche Bank installed a 122.4 kW solar photovoltaic (PV) system on the roof of to decrease carbon emissions by 100 metric tons per year. The system is the largest solar PV array in Manhattan and the world's highest PV panel array, as of 2012.
Features 60 Wall Street is designed with of leasable space. Before 60 Wall Street was developed, the site was zoned to only allow a building of "as of right", assuming a floor area ratio of 15. For the building's construction, Park Tower Realty purchased over of neighboring 55 Wall Street's air rights from Citibank. The project also received a bonus of for a covered pedestrian space and for public arcades on Wall and Pine Streets. 60 Wall Street also received allotment of for mechanical spaces. This brought the gross floor area to about . As part of the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) program, the tower has design features that are intended to meet green building standards, which allowed it to receive a LEED Gold certification.
Atrium
The ground floor contains an enclosed public atrium that measures high and long. The atrium was included in exchange for more interior area on upper stories. The landscaped space is designed with seasonal plantings. When the building was designed, Roche had rejected the idea of an open-air atrium, both because he felt it would disrupt Wall Street's "street wall" of stone facades and because he believed it to be too close to the nearby plaza at Chase Manhattan Plaza. A similar atrium had been planned in 1969 for an unbuilt skyscraper that would have housed the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
The atrium is decorated largely in white materials, including marble tiles shaped like bricks. The space is divided by ten white octagonal columns topped by flared capitals, which support a latticed ceiling originally decorated with wood and mirrors. Roche had previously used this motif at the United Nations Plaza Hotel. The bases of each column have ledges for seating, and movable chairs and tables are placed throughout the rest of the space. A pedestrian passage runs through the center of the atrium. The western wall of the space has stone sculptures with water spouts and planters below. The eastern wall has storefronts, with restrooms and the office entrance near the northeast corner. The walls have ashlar-patterned granite with green granite and white marble. The northwest corner of the lobby has a part-time entrance to the Wall Street subway station, serving the New York City Subway's .
According to Jerold Kayden, who wrote about the building in 2000, the atrium "assumes different personalities" during different parts of the day. Kayden wrote the atrium was heavily used during rush hours by subway commuters and more lightly used during lunchtime; throughout the rest of the day, the atrium was "used but never overused", with patrons ranging from homeless people to employees to bike messengers. By 2021, KPF was redesigning the atrium with a "green wall", a skylight, and a wider subway entrance. New eating areas would be created and new seating would be installed. According to design renderings, the atrium and lobby would also contain tan and white marble as well as specially designed light fixtures.
Other stories At the second through fourth floors are column-free spaces for trading. These stories, flanking the lobby, cover or each. These were designed for the building's original occupant, the bank J.P. Morgan & Co. In addition, J.P. Morgan added ornate dining rooms so it could provide free lunches for its employees. Two data-processing centers were also installed in the building for J.P. Morgan. The office stories contain a steel superstructure with wide spans between each column, allowing flexible office layouts.