An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, October 19, 1865, with a magnitude of 0.9263. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring only about 9 hours after apogee (on October 19, 1865, at 7:05 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.

The path of annularity was visible from parts of modern-day Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Western Europe, West Africa.

Description The greatest eclipse was at 16:21:14 UTC (12:21 local time) at 21.3°N 60.2°W northeast of Antigua and Barbuda and lasted 9 min 27 sec. The maximum width of band was 326 km (203 mi).

The eclipse was visible in North America (except for the Yukon, Alaska and the northernmost part of Greenland), Central America, the Caribbean South America including, the northern parts of Peru and Bolivia and most of Brazil, the westernmost parts of Africa and Europe (westernmost Spain and Portugal, Ireland and parts of Scotland). Areas that were in the edge of the eclipse included the Galapagos Islands. In North America, it occurred in the morning, in South America, midday and in Africa and Europe, near the evening hours.

Areas that were inside the umbral portion included the United States such as parts of the north of the state Oregon, Washington Territory (now state), close to the 49th parallel and distant from the Pacific, Idaho, the Cheyenne and the Lakota areas, Nebraska Territory (now state), the states of Kansas, Missouri, southern Illinois, southern Indiana, western Kentucky, much of Tennessee, the northeast corner of Alabama, parts of the north of Georgia, the west of North Carolina and nearly all of South Carolina. Off the coast of Africa, it included the Cape Verdean Islands of Sotavento and Boa Vista Island, at the time a Portuguese colony. In Africa, it included most of Senegal, at the time a French colony, southern Agawedj (or Agaouedj, now Mauritania) and parts of Mali.

Other In many parts of Brazil except for the south, it was the third consecutive solar eclipse that took place, all of it appeared as partial, the last two were on October 30, 1864 and April 25, 1865, both with an umbral portion in one part.

Eclipse details Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.

+October 19, 1865 Solar Eclipse Times Event Time (UTC) First Penumbral External Contact 1865 October 19 at 13:25:25.9 UTC First Umbral External Contact 1865 October 19 at 14:37:23.4 UTC First Central Line 1865 October 19 at 14:41:00.2 UTC First Umbral Internal Contact 1865 October 19 at 14:44:39.3 UTC Equatorial Conjunction 1865 October 19 at 16:03:30.6 UTC Greatest Eclipse 1865 October 19 at 16:21:13.4 UTC Greatest Duration 1865 October 19 at 16:26:46.3 UTC Ecliptic Conjunction 1865 October 19 at 16:27:39.9 UTC Last Umbral Internal Contact 1865 October 19 at 17:58:00.8 UTC Last Central Line 1865 October 19 at 18:01:39.5 UTC Last Umbral External Contact 1865 October 19 at 18:05:15.8 UTC Last Penumbral External Contact 1865 October 19 at 19:17:08.8 UTC

+October 19, 1865 Solar Eclipse Parameters Parameter Value Eclipse Magnitude 0.92627 Eclipse Obscuration 0.85798 Gamma 0.53659 Sun Right Ascension 13h37m34.8s Sun Declination -10°09'34.2" Sun Semi-Diameter 16'04.2" Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8" Moon Right Ascension 13h38m06.1s Moon Declination -09°41'45.0" Moon Semi-Diameter 14'42.0" Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°53'56.8" ΔT 5.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

+ Eclipse season of October 1865 October 4Descending node (full moon) October 19Ascending node (new moon) Partial lunar eclipseLunar Saros 115 Annular solar eclipseSolar Saros 141

Related eclipses Eclipses in 1865 A partial lunar eclipse on April 11. A total solar eclipse on April 25. A partial lunar eclipse on October 4. An annular solar eclipse on October 19.

Metonic Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 31, 1861 Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 7, 1869

Tzolkinex Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 7, 1858 Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 30, 1872

Half-Saros Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of October 13, 1856 Followed by: Lunar eclipse of October 25, 1874

Tritos Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 20, 1854 Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 17, 1876

Solar Saros 141 Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1847 Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 30, 1883

Inex Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 9, 1836 Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 29, 1894

Triad Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 18, 1778 Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 20, 1952

Solar eclipses of 1862–1866

The partial solar eclipses on June 27, 1862 and December 21, 1862 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipse on March 16, 1866 occurs in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Solar eclipse series sets from 1862 to 1866 Ascending node  Descending node Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma 111 November 21, 1862Partial −1.5052 116 May 17, 1863Partial 1.0627 121 November 11, 1863Annular −0.8760 126 May 6, 1864Hybrid 0.2622 131 October 30, 1864Annular −0.1816 136 April 25, 1865Total −0.4826 141 October 19, 1865Annular 0.5366 146 April 15, 1866Partial −1.1846 151 October 8, 1866Partial 1.2296

Saros 141

Metonic series All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.

25 eclipse events between March 14, 1801 and August 7, 1888March 14–15December 31–January 1October 19–20August 7May 26–27107109111113115March 14, 1801January 1, 1805October 19, 1808August 7, 1812May 27, 1816117119121123125March 14, 1820January 1, 1824October 20, 1827August 7, 1831May 27, 1835127129131133135March 15, 1839December 31, 1842October 20, 1846August 7, 1850May 26, 1854137139141143145March 15, 1858December 31, 1861October 19, 1865August 7, 1869May 26, 1873147149151153March 15, 1877December 31, 1880October 19, 1884August 7, 1888

Tritos series

Inex series

See also List of solar eclipses in the 19th century List of solar eclipses visible from the United States

References

External links Google interactive maps Solar eclipse data https://www.class900indy.com/post/1865-solar-eclipse-excitement-in-indianapolis