This is a list of sovereign states in the 1890s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1890 and 31 December 1899. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, and entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
Name and capital cityInformation on status and recognition of sovereignty A Abemama – Kingdom of Abemama Widely recognized state to 1892. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1892.Abuja – Abuja Emirate Widely recognized state.Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr Widely recognized state. Andorra – Principality of Andorra Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Widely recognized state. Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole Widely recognized state. – Argentine Republic Widely recognized state. Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city. Aro – Aro Confederacy Widely recognized state. – Asante Union Widely recognized state. Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa Widely recognized state. – Austro-Hungarian Empire Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) Widely recognized state.B Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi Capital: Massenya (to 1893), Chekna (from 1893 to 1897) Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. Annexed by France on September 20, 1897. Bali – Kingdom of BaliThe rough guide to Bali & Lombok by Lesley Reader, Lucy Ridout p.298 Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali. Baol – Kingdom of BaolInstitut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458 Widely recognized state. Annexed by France in 1895. – Kingdom of Barotseland Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899. – Kingdom of Belgium Widely recognized state. – Kingdom of Benin Widely recognized state. Annexed by the United Kingdom on February 18, 1897.Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Widely recognized state.Biu – Biu Kingdom Widely recognized state.Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia Widely recognized state. Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Widely recognized state. Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora Widely recognized state to September 21, 1895. Annexed by France on September 21, 1895. Bornu – Bornu Empire Widely recognized state to 1893. Annexed by France in 1893.Brakna – Brakna Emirate Widely recognized state. Brazil – Republic of the United States of BrazilHudson, Rex A. Brazil: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997, pg.22 Brazil was a federation of 20 states, one territory, and one federal district. Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Widely recognized state to 1894. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1894. Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom Widely recognized state to 1899. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1899.Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi Widely recognized state to July 1, 1890. Annexed by Germany on July 1, 1890. Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga Widely recognized state.C – Dominion of Canada Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm. → Central America Greater Republic of Central America United States of Central America A Political union between El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua until November 21, 1898. Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam. – Republic of Chile Widely recognized state. – Great Qing Empire Widely recognized state.Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom Widely recognized state. – Republic of Colombia Widely recognized state. – Congo Free State Widely recognized state. State in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium. Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Widely recognized state. Crete – Cretan StateKitromilides M. Paschalis (ed) Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship, Edinburgh University Press, 2008 p. 68. Widely recognized state. Autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire.D Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey Widely recognized state to January 20, 1894. Annexed by France on January 20, 1894.Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga to 1890. Vassal state of Rabih az-Zubayr from 1890.Darfur – Sultanate of Darfur Widely recognized state from 1898.Dendi – Dendi Kingdom Widely recognized state. – Kingdom of Denmark Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Danish West Indies Greenland Iceland – Emirate of Dhala Widely recognized state. Dominican Republic – Second Republic Widely recognized state.E Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Widely recognized state. El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Widely recognized state to September 15, 1896, and from November 21, 1898.Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898. → Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Widely recognized state.F France – French Republic Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Comoros French Algeria French Congo French Dahomey French Gabon French Guiana French Guinea French India French Indochina French Ivory Coast French Madagascar French Oceania - French Establishments in Oceania French Somaliland French West Africa Futa Jallon Guadeloupe Guangzhouwan Hankou Laos → Malagasy Protectorate Martinique Mayotte New Caledonia Obock Réunion Saint Pierre and Miquelon Shanghai Tientsin Tunisia - Tunisian Realm Upper River → Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon Widely recognized state to November 18, 1896. Annexed by France on November 18, 1896.GGaza – Gaza Empire Widely recognized state to 1895. Annexed by Portugal in 1895.Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi Widely recognized state. – German Empire Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: German East Africa German New Guinea German South West Africa German West Africa Hankou Kamerun Kiautschou Bay Tientsin Togoland Wituland – Kingdom of Greece Widely recognized state. Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Widely recognized state.Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman Widely recognized state.H Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar Widely recognized state. Haiti – Republic of Haiti Widely recognized state. Hawaii Kingdom of Hawaii Provisional Government of Hawaii Republic of Hawaii Widely recognized state to August 12, 1898. Annexed by the United States on August 12, 1898. – Republic of Honduras Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898. Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine Annexed by France on September 15, 1895. Hunza – State of Hunza Widely recognized state to 1892. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1892.IIgala – Igala Kingdom Widely recognized state.Igara – Kingdom of Igara
Widely recognized state.Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom Widely recognized state. – Kingdom of Italy Widely recognized independent state. Italy had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Italian Eritrea Italian Somaliland J Japan – Empire of Japan Widely recognized independent state. Japan had sovereignty over the following overseas territories: Chongqing Hangzhou Hankou Hokkaido Kuril Islands Minami-Tori-shima Nanpō Islands Ryukyu Islands Shashi Suzhou Taiwan Tientsin KKaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Capital: Bonga, Anderaccha Widely recognized state to September 11, 1897. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire on September 11, 1897.Kajara – Kajara Kingdom Widely recognized state. Kano – Emirate of Kano Widely recognized state.Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom Widely recognized state.Kebbi – Kebbi Emirate Widely recognized state.Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom Widely recognized state to May 1, 1898. Annexed by France on May 1, 1898.Kong – Kong Empire Widely recognized state to 1898. Burnt down in 1898. Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo Vassal of the Kingdom of Portugal. → Korea Kingdom of Great Joseon Korean Empire Tributary state of the Qing dynasty to 1894. Widely recognized independent state from October 12, 1897.Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya Widely recognized state to August 31, 1896. Annexed by the United Kingdom on August 31, 1896.LLafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom – Republic of Liberia Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa – Grand Duchy of LuxembourgM Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom
Widely recognized state. Merina – Kingdom of Imerina → Mexico – United Mexican States – Principality of Monaco – Principality of Montenegro Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire Widely recognized independent state. The following are a number of different kingdoms that make up the Mossi Empire: Gurunsi Gwiriko Liptako Nungu Wogodogo Yatenga – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman De jure independent state. De facto a British protectorate.Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr
Widely recognized state.N Najran – Principality of Najran Widely recognized state. Negeri Sembilan Federated in to the Federated Malay States from 1895. Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal – Kingdom of The Netherlands → → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Part of the political union of Central America from September 15, 1896 to November 21, 1898. Norway – Kingdom of Norway In personal union between Sweden until December 15, 1899. Union badge removed on December 15, 1899OIndependent Boer sovereign republic under the British suzerainty in South Africa.Orungu – Kingdom of Orungu
Widely recognized state. – Sublime Ottoman StateP – Republic of Paraguay → Persia – Sublime State of Persia National Reconstruction Aristocratic Republic Philippines – First Philippine Republic Note: The country had a Dictatorial government and a Revolutionary government prior to its establishment as a sovereign state. De facto independent state. Portugal – Kingdom of PortugalR – Kingdom of Romania → Russia – Russian EmpireS Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa – Most Serene Republic of San Marino – Kingdom of Serbia Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara Siam – Kingdom of Siam Widely recognized independent state. The following are vassal states of Siam: Luang Phrabang Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate Spain – Kingdom of Spain Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden In personal union between Norway until December 15, 1899. Switzerland – Swiss ConfederationTTagant – Emirate of Tagant - Kingdom of TongaToro – Toro Kingdom Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire – South African RepublicTrarza – Emirate of Trarza Tui Manua – Tui Manua ConfederacyU – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Widely recognized independent state. The following are colonies, territories, dependencies and protectorates of the United Kingdom: Aden Afghanistan Amoy Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Ascension Island Bahama Islands Bahrain Baker Island
Basutoland Barotseland Bechuanaland Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia Bermuda Bights of Benin and Biafra British Bechuanaland British Central Africa
British Cyprus British East Africa British Guiana
British Hong Kong British Jamaica British Leeward Islands British Mauritius British Somaliland British Trinidad and Tobago British Windward Islands → Brunei
Chinde Colony of Natal Cook Islands Falkland Islands Federated Malay States Friendly Islands Gambia Gibraltar Gilbert and Ellice Islands
Graham Land Guernsey Hankou Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heligoland - Indian Empire