This is a list of sovereign states in the 1850s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1850 and 31 December 1859. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
A Name and capital cityInformation on status and recognition of sovereignty A Abemama – Kingdom of Abemama Widely recognized state.Abuja – Abuja Emirate Widely recognized state. Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan Widely recognized independent state from 1855.Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr Widely recognized state. Andorra – Principality of Andorra Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.Angoche – Angoche Sultanate Widely recognized independent state. Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg Widely recognized independent state. Member of the German Confederation. Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
Widely recognized independent state. Member of the German Confederation. Anhalt-Köthen – Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen Widely recognized independent state to 22 May 1853. Member of the German Confederation. Merged to Anhalt-Dessau on 22 May 1853. Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole Widely recognized state.Annam – Empire of Annam Widely recognized state. Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary.Anziku – Anziku Kingdom Widely recognized state.
– Aro – – Aussa – –
B – Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi Bamana – Bambara Empire Baol – Kingdom of Baol Barotseland – Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland Baté Empire – Baté Empire – Kingdom of Bavaria – Kingdom of Belgium – Benin Empire Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia → Bolivia – Bolivian Republic Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora Bornu – Bornu Empire → Brazil – Empire of Brazil – British India - Indian Empire Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei – Duchy of Brunswick Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara Bundu - State of Bundu Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara Burma – Kingdom of Burma Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi
C Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy – Republic of Chile China – Great Qing Empire Cook Islands Rarotonga Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Couto Misto Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
D Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti Dendi – Dendi Kingdom Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic
E Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador El Salvador – El Salvador – Ethiopian Empire
F Fiji – Tui Viti Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland France French Republic French Empire Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro
G Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom Garo – Kingdom of Garo Gaza – Gaza Empire Gera – Kingdom of Gera Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation Greece – Kingdom of Greece → → Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman
H Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il → Haiti Empire of Haiti Republic of Haiti – Free city of Hamburg – Kingdom of Hanover Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Holstein – Duchy of Holstein – Republic of Honduras Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary Huraa – Huraa dynasty (princely state of British India)
J Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero Japan – Tokugawa shogunate Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma Johor – Johor Sultanate – Jolof Kingdom
K Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu Kabul – Emirate of Kabul Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso Khiva – Khanate of Khiva Kokand – Khanate of Kokand Kong – Kong Empire Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya
L – Republic of Liberia → – Principality of Liechtenstein Limburg – Duchy of Limburg Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt Loango – Kingdom of Loango Lombardy–Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia Luba – Luba Empire Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck Lunda – Lunda Empire – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
M Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur Maryland – State of Maryland in Africaofficial name in quotes near bottom of page Massina – Massina Empire Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Mexico – Republic of Mexico Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia – Principality of Monaco → Montenegro Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro Principality of Montenegro Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
N Najran – Principality of Najran Nassau – Duchy of Nassau Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan Nejd – Emirate of Nejd Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal – Kingdom of the Netherlands New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858) → → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua Norway Sweden and Norway Nri – Kingdom of Nri
O Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg – Republic of Orange Free State – Sublime Ottoman State Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire Oyo – Oyo Empire
P Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang – States of the Church – Republic of Paraguay – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla – Sultanate of Perak – Sublime State of Persia – Peruvian Republic Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal – Kingdom of Prussia
Q Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut
R Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line → – Russian Empire Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda – Kingdom of Ryūkyū
S Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino – Kingdom of Sarawak – Kingdom of Sardinia Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Kingdom of Saxony Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor Serbia – Principality of Serbia Siak Sri Indrapura – Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura Siam – Kingdom of Siam Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate South African Republic Transvaal Spain – Kingdom of Spain Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu Sweden Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
T Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti Tonga – Tu'i Tonga Toro – Toro Kingdom Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire – South African Republic Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
U – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland → – United States of America United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
V → → Venezuela State of Venezuela Republic of Venezuela
W Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta – Kingdom of Württemberg
Y Yeke – Yeke Kingdom
Z Zululand – Kingdom of Zululand
Non-sovereign territories Oldenburg Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.
United Kingdom – Cape of Good Hope
States claiming sovereignty Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh Germany – German Empire Goust – Republic of Goust State of Buenos Aires Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
References