Lermontova is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ekaterina Lermontova (1899–1942), Russian paleontologist responsible for creating the first Cambrian stratigraphy Julia Lermontova (1846–1919), Russian chemist Nadezhda Vladimirovna Lermontova (1885–1921), Russian painter
See also Lermontov (disambiguation) Lermontovo (disambiguation)