North China Transportation Company

The North China Transportation Company (華北交通株式会社, Japanese: Kahoku Kōtsū kabushiki gaisha, Chinese: Huáběi Jiāotōng Zhūshì Huìshè) was a transportation company in the territory of the collaborationist Provisional Government of the Republic of China during the Japanese occupation.

History After Japan occupied a large part of northern China during the Sino-Japanese War, it set up a puppet government known as the Provisional Government of the Republic of China. In 1938, the Provisional Government nationalised the various railway and bus companies in its jurisdiction, after which the South Manchuria Railway set up a subsidiary, called the North China Transportation Company, to operate the railways and bus services within the Provisional Government's territory. With its headquarters in Beijing, the NCTC at its peak employed 110,000 people, of which 70% were Chinese. The company was liquidated in 1945 following Japan's defeat in the Pacific War, and the railways were taken over by the China Railway.

Amongst the railway companies that were nationalised were:

Beining Railway – previously known as the Peking−Mukden Railway; Beijing−Shanhaiguan section only; the Shanhaiguan−Fengtian section was taken over by the Manchukuo National Railway in 1933; Jiaoji Railway; Jinghan Railway; Jingsui Railway – Beijing−Guisui (Hohhot), now part of the Beijing–Baotou Railway; Longhai Railway; Tongpu Railway – originally narrow gauge, but soon converted to standard gauge; Zhengtai Railway – originally narrow gauge, later converted to standard gauge, becoming the Shitai Line.

Routes Boshan Line (博山線) Zhangdian-Boshan (張店～博山) Hongshan Line (黌山線) Zichuan-Hongshan (淄川～黌山) Jiaoji Trunk Line (膠済幹線) Qingdao-Jinan (青島～済南) Jingbao Trunk Line (京包幹線) Beijing-Baotou (北京～包頭) Jinggu Trunk Line (京古幹線) Beijing-Gubeikou(北京～古北口) Jinghan Trunk Line (京漢幹線) Beijing-Hankou (北京～漢口) Jingshan Line (京山線) Beijing-Shanhaiguan (北京～山海関) Jinpu Trunk Line (津浦幹線) Tianjin-Xuzhou (天津～徐州) Longhai Trunk Line (隴海幹線) Lianyun-Kaifeng (連雲～開封) Shimen Trunk Line (石門幹線) Shimen-Dexian (石門～徳縣) Shitai Trunk Line (石太幹線) Shimen-Taiyuan (石門～太原) Tongpu Trunk Line (同蒲幹線) Datong- (大同～蒲州)

Rolling stock

Locomotives of the North China Transportation Company used the same classification system used by the South Manchuria Railway between 1938 and 1945.

Locomotives

Standard gauge Class Numbers Original owner Originalclass & numbers Wheelarr. Builder Totalin class Year built Image Notes アメニAmeni 1501–1506~ Class 40: 41–46~ 4-4-0 Baldwin >6 1879 ダブサDabusa 1501–1504 Jingsui Railway ? 2-6-4T Baldwin 4 1906 我们的火车站 (DB3) ダブシDabushi 1501–1504~ Jingsui Railway Class 20: 21–24~ 2-6-4ST Dübs and Company >4 1892 我们的火车站 (DB4) デカサDekasa 1501–1507 Class 600: 601–607 2-10-0 Shahekou, Kisha Seizō 7 1937 我们的火车站 (DK3) エトサEtosa 1501− Jiaoji Railway ? 0-8-0 Japan 我们的火车站 (ET3) エトシEtoshi 1501− Jiaoji Railway 0-8-0 Henschel ? 1905 我们的火车站 (ET4) ホネイHonei 1501–1508~ Jiaoji Railway Class 10: 11–18~ 0-6-2T Borsig >8 1900 Forney locomotive.我们的火车站 (FN1) ホネニHoneni 1501–1507~ Beining Railway Class 47: 47–53~ 0-6-2T Baldwin >7 1897 Forney locomotive.我们的火车站 (FN2) マレイMarei 1501–1504 Jingsui Railway Class 20: 21–24 0-6-6-0 North British 4 1908 マレニMareni 1501–1504 Jingsui Railway Class 70: 71–74 2-4-4-2 Baldwin 4 1911 我们的火车站 (ML2) マレサMaresa 1501–1507 Jingsui Railway Class 90: 91–97 2-8-8-2 ALCo 7 1914 Superheated.我们的火车站 (ML3) マレシMareshi 1501–1507 Jingsui Railway Class 200: 201–207 2-8-8-2 ALCo 7 1921 Largest steam locomotives exported from the United States; used on Badaling slope.我们的火车站 (ML4) ミカイMikai 1501–1520 2-8-2 Kisha Seizō, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Sifang 270 1938 "New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). First 20 transferred from Manchukuo National Railway. 1521−1769 new for NCTC -- 1939−1945 "New National Big Mika" (新國大ミカ). New for NCTC. ミカロMikaro 1501−1505 ミカロ640–644 2-8-2 Kisha Seizō, others 120 1938–1944 First five transferred from Manchukuo National in 1938. 1506–1620 new for NCTC – 72 of the 115 new for NCTC were built by Kisha Seizō in 1938–1939 and 1943–1944. ミカナMikana 1501–1524 Jingfeng Railway 201–224 2-8-2 North British, Tangshan Arsenal 21+ 1913–1924 Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan. 1541–1590 Jinpu Railway MK xxx 2-8-2 ALCo 50 1601–1646 Jingsui Railway Class 300: 301–346 2-8-2 ALCo 46 1922 1651–1654~ Jiaoji Railway Class 600: 601–604 2-8-2 Hudswell Clarke, Shahekou >4 1931 ミカハMikaha 1501–1545 new for NCTC – 2-8-2 Škoda 45 1939 モガイMogai 1501–1508 Beining Railway Class 140: 141–148 2-8-2 North British/Tangshan 8 1903–1908 1511–1532 Class 150: 151–172 22 1914–1916 モガニMogani 1501–1512 Beining Railway Class 60: 61–72 2-6-0 Baldwin 12 1897–1899 我们的火车站 (MG2) 1521–1526 Jinghan Railway ? Rogers 6 1900–1903 モガサMogasa 1501–1533 Beining Railway Class 90: 91–123 2-6-0 Dübs/North British/Tangshan 33 1900–1903 我们的火车站 (MG3) モガシMogashi 1501–1510 Jingsui Railway Class 10: 10–19 2-8-2 North British/Tangshan 10 1908–1909 Built by North British, assembled by Tangshan. 1511–1538 Jinpu Railway ? Baldwin 28 1909 1541–1552 ? North British/Tangshan 12 1910 1561–1564 Beining Railway ? North British/Tangshan 4 1919–1920 1571–1581 Class 230: 231–241 North British/Tangshan 11 1923–1928 モガコMogako 1501–1537 Jinghan Railway ? 2-6-0 Fives-Lille 37 1902–1905 我们的火车站 (MG5) 1541–1543 Saint-Léonard 3 1905 モガロMogaro 1501–1503~ Jinghan Railway Class 100: 101–103~ 2-6-0 Fives-Lille >3 1901 我们的火车站 (MG6) モガナMogana 1501–1506 Jinpu Railway ? 2-6-0 Hanomag 6 1910–1911 我们的火车站 (MG7) 1511–1524 Class 30: 30–43 Humboldt 14 1911? モガハMogaha 1501–1515 Longhai Railway ? 2-6-0 Vulcan (UK) 15 1916–1919 MG型35号蒸汽机车 モガクMogaku 1501−15xx Jinghai Railway Class 90: 91−x 2-6-0 Baldwin ? 1901 モガ_Moga_ 1501–1502 Daoqing Railway ? 2-6-0 ALCo 2 1913, 1918 パシイPashii 1501–1520 Jingsui Railway ? 4-6-2 ALCo 20 192x 1521–1530 Beining Railway Class 180: 180–189 Baldwin 10 1920–1925 勝利型蒸汽機車 1531–1538 Jiaoji Railway Class 400: 400–408 ALCo 8 1921 1539–1540 Class 400: 409–410 Kisha Seizō 2 1922 パシサPashisa 1501–1520 new for NCTC – 4-6-2 Hitachi 20 1938 "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ). 1521–1550 Kisha Seizō 30 1939–1940 "New National Small Pashi" (新國小パシ). パシロPashiro 1501–1512 MNR パシロ566–569, 571–578 4-6-2 Kawasaki, Nippon Sharyō, Hitachi 12 1937 Superheated express passenger locomotives. First 12 transferred from Manchukuo National. 1513–1589 new for NCTC – Kawasaki 57 1941–1944 パシナPashina 1501–1512 Jinpu Railway ? 4-6-2 ALCo 12 1921 1521–1528 Class 410: 410–417 North British 8 1933 プレコPureko 1501–1510 Beining Railway ? 2-6-2T North British 10 1887 1511–1516 ? 2-6-2 6 1914 1521–1522 Jingsui Railway ? 2-6-2ST 2 1908 プレロPurero 15xx Beining Railway Class 20: 20–24 2-6-2T North British/Tangshan 17 1921–1925 15xx Beining Railway Class 25: 25−xx 2-6-2 ? 1923–1927 我们的火车站 (PL12) 15xx Class 150: 150–154~ 2-6-2 Baldwin ? 1914 ? 2-6-2T North British/Tangshan ? 1891–1896 プレナPurena 15xx Jingsui Railway ? 2-6-2 Baldwin ? 1921 15xx ? ? 1909 站台票欣赏——蒸汽机车生肖站台票 プレハPureha 1501−15xx Jingsui Railway ? 2-6-2 Baldwin ? 1911 プレクPureku 1501–1540 Jinghan Railway ? 2-6-2 Franco-Belge 40 1920–1923 我们的火车站 (PL9) 1541–1555 Class 20: 20–34 Škoda 15 1936 我们的火车站 (PL9-2) 1561–1570 Class 350: 350–359 Lima 10 1920–1922 プレチPurechi 1501–1505 Longhai Railway Class 50: 51–55 2-6-2T Tubize 5 1914 我们的火车站 (PL10) ?? (Shay) 1501–1506 Jingsui Railway Class 25: 25–30 2+2+2 Lima 6 1909–1912 3-truck (Class C) Shay locomotive. サタイSatai 1501–1506 Manchukuo National ダブロ xxx 2-10-2T Škoda 6 1929–1930 Originally CER class Ь 4001–4007, broad gauge; converted to standard gauge by MNR and transferred to NCTC.[Historie – Škoda Transportation a.s.] 1507 Kawasaki 1 1930 サタニSatani 1501–1510 Jinpu Railway ? 2-10-2 Krupp 10 1935 Similar to DRG Class 45. サタサSatasa 1501 Longhai Railway ? 2-10-2 Tubize 1 1937 我们的火车站 (ST3) シカコShikako 1501−15xx Jinghan Railway Class 60: 60−xx 0-6-0T Cockerill ? 1901 我们的火车站 (XK5) ソリニSorini 1501–1508 Longhai Railway ? 2-8-0 Tubize 8 1925 我们的火车站 (KD2) 1511−15xx ? SACM ? 1935–1936 我们的火车站 (KD2-2) ソリシSorishi 1501–1518 Huning Ry ? 2-8-0 ? 18 1919(to China) 18 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Huning Railway in 1919. 1519–1521 Shenhai Railway ? North British 3 1926(to China) 3 ROD 2-8-0 bought by Shenhai Railway in 1926. 1522–1537 Beining Railway ? Baldwin 16 1920 ソリコSoriko 1501–1650 JGR various 2-8-0 Kawasaki, Kisha Seizō, JGR Ogura Works 150 1938–1939(to China) JGR Class 9600 locomotives converted to standard gauge and delivered to NCTC.中国蒸汽機車世紀集影 (Centennial Collection of Chinese Steam Locomotives), China Railway Publishing House, July 2001, (in Chinese) ソリナSorina 1501–1510 Jinghan Railway ? 2-8-0 ALCo 10 1917 テホニTehoni 1501–1506 Jiaoji Railway Class 70: 70–75 4-6-0 Vulcan Stettin 6 1910–1911 我们的火车站 (TH2) 1507–1523 ? 17 1901–1905 1524–1535 Jinpu Railway ? Hawthorn Leslie 12 1910 テホサTehosa 1501–1510~ Beining Railway Class 110: 110–119~ 4-6-0 North British/Tangshan >10 1910–1919 Rebuilt with superheaters in the late 1930s.我们的火车站 (TH3) テホシTehoshi 1501–1505 Jiaoji Railway Class 300: 301–305 4-6-0 Schwartzkopff 5 1913 我们的火车站 (TH4) テホコTehoko 1501–1511~ ? ? 4-6-0 Henschel, Hanomag >11 1910–1913 我们的火车站 (TH5) テホロTehoro 1501–1510 Jinghan Railway ? 4-6-0 Tubize? 10 1913–1914 我们的火车站 (TH6) テホナTehona 1501–1532 Jinghan Railway Class 200: 201–232 4-6-0 France 32 1904–1907 我们的火车站 (TH7) 1541–1550 Longhai Railway ? 10 1909

Narrow gauge Class Numbers Original owner Originalclass & numbers Wheelarr. Builder Totalin class Year built Image Notes デカADekaA 1501–1550~ Tongpu Railway Class 300: 300–349 2-10-0 Henschel ~50 1937 1000 mm.我们的火车站 (DK51) デカBDekaB 1501–1550~ Tongpu Railway Class 350: 350–399~ 2-10-0 Kisha Seizō, Hitachi ~50 1936 1000 mm.我们的火车站 (DK51-2) ホネAHoneA 1501–1530 Zhengtai Railway Class 100: 100–129 0-6-4T Fives-Lille ? 1906 1000 mm. Forney locomotive. モガAMogaA 1501−15xx Tongpu Railway Class 100: 100−1xx 2-6-0 ALCo <10 1908 モガBMogaB 1501–1503~ Tongpu Railway Class 110: 110–112~ 2-6-0 Henschel >3 1934–1935 1067 mm.我们的火车站 (MG51) モガCMogaC 1501−15xx 2-6-0 Kawasaki(78625) ? 1924(78625) 1067 mm. JGR Class 8620 supplied second-hand after 1938. プレAPureA 1501–1560 Japanese Government Railways Class C12: 101–102103–105106107–109110–113114–135136–138139–143144–147148–154155–156157–160 2-6-2T Nippon SharyōMitsubishiKawasakiKisha SeizōHitachiKawasakiHitachiNippon SharyōKawasakiKisha SeizōNippon SharyōKisha Seizō 60 1935–1937 1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC. プレBPureB 1501–1502 ? ? 2-6-2 Kawasaki 2 シカShika 1501–1505~ Tongpu Railway LCK10 0-6-0T Barclay 1? 1913 1067 mm.蒸汽机车科普 (LCK10) LCK20 1? 1910 762 mm. 5−x Japan >1 1921 Zhengtai Railway Class 10: 11~ France >1 1905 我们的火车站 (XK9) ソリASoriA 1501–1526 Japanese Government Railway Clasa 9050: ? 2-8-0 various 26 1937–1938(regauged) 1067 mm. JGR Class C12 converted to 1000 mm and shipped to NCTC.

Services

The North China Transportation Company ran a number of long-distance trains, both within China and in conjunction with the South Manchuria Railway and the Chosen Government Railway. Notable trains include the "Tairiku" ("Continental") and "Kōa" limited express trains between Beijing and Busan, Korea. The "Tairiku" entered service in 1938, making the trip from Busan to Beijing in 37.5 hours in 1940; the train was discontinued in 1944. The observation car used on this train is preserved at the Beijing Railway Museum. The "Kōa" was put into operation in 1939, making the same trip in 39.5 hours in 1940, but by 1945 the trip took 49 hours. The "Kōa" was discontinued after the Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.

References

External links North China Transportation Company Photo Archive