A tridentate ligand (or terdentate ligand) is a ligand that has three atoms that can function as donor atoms in a coordination complex.
Well-known tridentate ligands include diethylenetriamine with three nitrogen donor atoms, and the iminodiacetate anion which consists of one deprotonated amine nitrogen and a pair of carboxylate groups.
An octahedrally coordinated atom has six positions around it. Two tridentate ligands may form a complex with such an atom. There are two possible arrangements for such a complex: fac where the coordination is in a triangle on one face of the octahedron, and mer where the coordinating atoms are in an arc around the central atom, with two atoms of the ligand opposite each other. Fac tridentate ligands are termed scorpionate ligands, especially in reference to polypyrazolylborates.
If the tridentate ligand is not symmetrical, then in the fac complexes in octahedral coordination there are three possible isomers. In the mer complexes there are two enantiomers, mirror images of each other.
List NameAbbreviationChemical FormulaCAS NumberShapeTypeFormal ChargeCentral atomsStructure1,4,7-trioxonane9-Crown-3(C2H4O)327725-91-3ringOOO0Limethyl Tm ligandTmMe tripodS31−Li Na KTrispyrazolylborateTp− tripodN31−K Ru UTris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenyl borateToM tripodN31− Tris(4S-isopropyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborateToP tripodN31− N,N,N′,N′′,N′′-pentamethyldiethylenetriaminePMDTA[(CH3)2NCH2CH2]2NCH33030-47-5linearNNN0 or +1Li AlH2 Bis(diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphineTriphos 23582-02-7linearPPP0transition metals1,4,7-Trithiacyclononane9-ane-S3(CH2CH2S)36573-11-1ringSSS0Fe Cu1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononaneMe3TACN(CH2CH2N(CH3))396556-05-7RingNNN0Re Mn Ru Cu Fe1,4,7-TriazacyclononaneTACN(CH2CH2NH)34730-54-5RingNNN0Mo cis,cis-1,3,5-Triaminocyclohexanetach(CH2CHNH2)326150-46-9tripodN30Ni Mn
See also Denticity Tripodal ligand
References