Xylethrus is a genus of Central and South American orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1895.
Species it contains six species: Xylethrus ameda Levi, 1996 – Brazil Xylethrus anomid Levi, 1996 – Peru, Brazil Xylethrus arawak Archer, 1965 – Mexico, Jamaica Xylethrus perlatus Simon, 1895 – Brazil Xylethrus scrupeus Simon, 1895 – Panama to Bolivia, Brazil Xylethrus superbus Simon, 1895 (type) – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil
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