Many of the first human spaceflights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the 1990s the record was pushed to over a year and has remained there into the 21st century.
A modern long-duration mission was the ISS year-long mission (2015–2016) aboard the International Space Station. The most significant issue in such missions is the effect of spaceflight on the human body, due to such factors as zero-g and elevated radiation.
Record setting single-mission human stays
Duration (days) Cosmonaut / Astronauts MissionMission startFlight up Space stationFlight downRecord achievedMission endRecord held (days) Source / Notes437.75 Valeri PolyakovMir EO-15January 8, 1994Soyuz TM-18MirSoyuz TM-20January 9, 1995March 22, 1995 Current record365.94Vladimir TitovMusa ManarovMir EO-3December 21, 1987Soyuz TM-4MirSoyuz TM-6November 11, 1988December 21, 19882,250326.48Yuri RomanenkoMir EO-2February 5, 1987Soyuz TM-2MirSoyuz TM-3September 30, 1987December 29, 1987408236.95Leonid KizimVladimir SolovyovOleg AtkovSalyut 7 EO-3February 8, 1984Soyuz T-10Salyut 7Soyuz T-11September 6, 1984October 2, 19841,119211.38Anatoly BerezovoyValentin LebedevSalyut 7 EO-1May 13, 1982Soyuz T-5Salyut 7Soyuz T-7November 14, 1982December 10, 1982662184.84Leonid PopovValery RyuminSalyut 6 EO-4April 9, 1980Soyuz 35Salyut 6Soyuz 37October 1, 1980October 11, 1980774175.02Vladimir LyakhovValery RyuminSalyut 6 EO-3February 25, 1979Soyuz 32Salyut 6Soyuz 34July 15, 1979September 3, 1979444139.62Vladimir KovalyonokAleksandr IvanchenkovSalyut 6 EO-2June 15, 1978Soyuz 29Salyut 6Soyuz 31September 20, 1978November 2, 197829896.42Yuri RomanenkoGeorgi GrechkoSalyut 6 EO-1December 10, 1977Soyuz 26Salyut 6Soyuz 27March 4, 1978March 16, 197820084.05Gerald P. CarrEdward G. GibsonWilliam R. PogueSkylab 4November 16, 1973CSM-118SkylabCSM-118January 15, 1974February 8, 19741,50959.46Alan L. BeanOwen K. GarriottJack R. LousmaSkylab 3July 28, 1973CSM-117SkylabCSM-117August 25, 1973September 25, 197314328.03Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.Joseph P. KerwinPaul J. WeitzSkylab 2May 25, 1973CSM-116SkylabCSM-116June 17, 1973June 22, 19736923.32 Georgy Dobrovolsky Vladislav Volkov Viktor PatsayevSoyuz 11June 6, 1971Soyuz 11Salyut 1Soyuz 11June 23, 1971June 29, 1971725 All died returning to Earth.17.71Andriyan NikolayevVitaly SevastyanovSoyuz 9June 1, 1970N/AN/AN/AJune 15, 1970June 19, 1970373 Still record for flight by a solo spacecraft.13.77Frank BormanJim LovellGemini 7December 4, 1965N/AN/AN/ADecember 12, 1965December 18, 19651,6467.96 L. Gordon Cooper, Jr. Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr.Gemini 5August 21, 1965N/AN/AN/AAugust 26, 1965August 29, 19651084.96Valery BykovskyVostok 5June 14, 1963N/AN/AN/AJune 18, 1963June 19, 19638003.93 Andriyan NikolayevVostok 3August 11, 1962N/AN/AN/AAugust 12, 1962August 15, 19623101.05Gherman TitovVostok 2August 6, 1961N/AN/AN/AAugust 6, 1961August 7, 19613710.075Yuri GagarinVostok 1April 12, 1961N/AN/AN/AApril 12, 1961April 12, 1961116 1st human spaceflight
References
See also List of spaceflight records Manned Venus flyby Skylab 4