() is a naval rank of Dutch origin.
The was responsible for ensuring that a fleet continued to sail in the prescribed order at night. The title comes from the title of the officer who replaced the admiral at night, from the Middle Low German schulthete meaning commanding official, cognate to the modern German Schultheiß, and was therefore called night commander, captain at night or . "SCHOUT-BIJ-NACHT – (VLAGOFFICIER)". etymologiebank.nl. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
Denmark–Norway In the Dano-Norwegian navy, the rank of was codified on 11 February 1693, by King Christian V. In the second publication of the Danish order of precedence, the rank of was placed below vice admirals (), and above commander-captains (). In 1771, the rank was replaced with counter admiral.
Netherlands
It is the second most junior admiral position of the Dutch Navy, ranking above ("commodore") and below a ("vice admiral")."Rangen en standen van de Koninklijke Marine." Marineschepen.nl. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
The rank is rated OF-7 within the NATO rank structure, usually equivalent counter admiral, and rear admiral."NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel." NATO Standard. APersP-01. June 2022, p. B5.
Russia In the Imperial Russian Navy the rank of Schout-bij-nacht () was kept until 1732, when the rank was replaced with counter admiral ().Ганичев П. П. (1989). Воинские звания., col. 142-144.Cобрание законов Российской империи. Sankt Petersburg 1830, К No. 6292. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
Sweden was a rank used in the Swedish Navy from 1630 to 1771.Nordisk familjebok, Malmö 1952-1955, vol. 18, col. 853. It was then replaced by the rank of .Nordisk familjebok, Stockholm 1916, vol. 24, col. 1171.
See also Counter admiral
References