List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites

This is a list of Muisca and pre-Muisca archaeological sites; sites on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, where archaeological evidence has been discovered of the Muisca and their ancestors of the Herrera, preceramic and prehistorical periods.

Over the course of the centuries and mainly in the 21st century, many sites with evidences of Muisca and pre-Muisca presence have been found and reported. Caracterización de los sitios arqueológicos Sabana de Bogotá - ICANHMuñoz Castiblanco, 2006, p.10Martínez & Botiva, 2004aLópez Estupiñán, 2011Martínez & Botiva, 2004b, p.15

The possibly oldest evidence of human settlement in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes has been discovered just west of the former Muisca territories, at Pubenza in Tocaima, Cundinamarca. Eight stone tools have been found with bone remains, consisting of among others Haplomastodon and turtles, which have been dated at 16,400 ± 420 years BP. Due to the location at an inundated platform, it is unclear if the bones and thus age were in situ.Aceituno & Rojas, 2012, p.128 __TOC__

Background Stage Start age End age Prehistory Preceramic Herrera Muisca Colonial period Colombia

The Altiplano Cundiboyacense, with its valleys of Sogamoso-Duitama, Tunja and Ubaté-Chiquinquirá and the southeastern flatlands of the Bogotá savanna, as well as the Tenza Valley to the east, was inhabited for 12,000 years by indigenous peoples. At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, the area of approximately was populated by the Muisca, organised in a loose confederation; the Muisca Confederation.

While various classifications of the archaeological history of the Andean high plateau exist,N.N., s.a. the most commonly accepted sequence, in years BP, is shown to the right.

Timeline of inhabitation

List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites Site name Image Municipality Department Start End Oldest date Finds Notes Map El Abra Zipaquirá Cundinamarca Prehistory Herrera 12,560 Rock artStone tools Tibitó Tocancipá Cundinamarca Prehistory Herrera 11,850 Stone & bone toolsCarbon Sueva Junín Cundinamarca Prehistory Herrera 11,180 Rock shelter Tequendama Soacha Cundinamarca Prehistory Spanish conquest 11,120 Stone toolsDomestication of guinea pigs Piedras del Tunjo Facatativá Cundinamarca Prehistory orPreceramic Muisca unknown Rock artStone tools Galindo Bojacá Cundinamarca Preceramic Herrera 8800 Open area settlement Checua Nemocón Cundinamarca Preceramic Herrera 8500 Stone tools Groot de Mahecha, 1992, p.7 Nemocón Cundinamarca Preceramic 7630 Rock shelterMain salt producing town Piedra del IndioChía I-VIIIMoon Temple Chía Cundinamarca Preceramic 5140 Rock artBurial siteReligious place Muñoz Castiblanco, 2013 Zipaquirá Cundinamarca Preceramic 5140 Main salt producing town Groot de Mahecha, 2008 Aguazuque Soacha Cundinamarca Preceramic Herrera 4065 Stone toolsBurial groundsHuman remainsGuinea pigs, deer Correal Urrego, 1990 Lake Herrera MadridMosqueraBojacá Cundinamarca Preceramic Herrera 3410 Stone toolsCeramics Colombia Prehispánica - V. La Altiplanicie Cundiboyacense SO10-IX Sativanorte Boyacá Preceramic Preceramic 3386 Muisca mummy Martínez et al., 2010 Zipacón Cundinamarca Preceramic 3270 Rock shelterRock artOldest agriculture El Infiernito Villa de Leyva Boyacá Preceramic Muisca 2975 Archaeoastronomical siteMuisca mummy Silva Celis, 1981, p.12 Pasca Cundinamarca Herrera 1400 Muisca raft Buenavista Boyacá Herrera 1396 Nose piece and pectoraldated at 620 & 990 AD Official website Buenavista Suesca Cundinamarca Muisca 150 Muisca mummiesPetrographsCeramics Gachantivá Boyacá Muisca Muisca mummyMuisca copper mines Martínez & Martínez, 2012Ocampo López, 2007Valverde, 2007, p.280 Gachancipá Cundinamarca Muisca Muisca mummy Ubaté Cundinamarca Muisca Muisca mummy Tenjo Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Tibacuy Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Berbeo Boyacá Muisca Petroglyphs Sáchica Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Ocetá Páramo Monguí Boyacá Muisca PetroglyphsBirth sitesMyths Objeciones del páramo más lindo del mundo - Universidad Sergio Arboleda Payará Tausa Cundinamarca Groot de Mahecha, 1992, p.5 Choachí Cundinamarca Muisca Choachí Stone Izquierdo Peña, 2009, p.87 La Calera Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Chipaque Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Cogua Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Cota Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Cucunubá Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Guachetá Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Guasca Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Guatavita Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Machetá Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Madrid Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Mosquera Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs San Antoniodel Tequendama Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs San Francisco Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Sibaté Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Subachoque Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Tena Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Tibiritá Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Tocancipá Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Une Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Bosa Cundinamarca Muisca Petrographs Usme Cundinamarca Muisca Muisca mummyPetrographs Boavita Boyacá Muisca Muisca mummy Tasco Boyacá Muisca Muisca mummy Tópaga Boyacá Muisca Muisca mummy Gámeza Boyacá Muisca Muisca mummyPetrographs Belén Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Iza Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Mongua Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Motavita Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Ramiriquí Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Saboyá Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Tibaná Boyacá Muisca Petrographs Sutamarchán Boyacá Muisca Muisca ceramics production Tinjacá Boyacá Muisca Muisca ceramics production Sun Temple Sogamoso Boyacá Muisca September 1537 Most important Muisca temple Temple of the Sun - Sogamoso - Pueblos Originarios Cojines del Zaque Tunja Boyacá Muisca Early colonial Religious place Archaeology of the Cojines del Zaque - Banco de la República Hunzahúa Well Tunja Boyacá Muisca Early colonial Mythological place Hunzahúa Well - Pueblos Originarios Goranchacha Temple Tunja Boyacá Muisca Early colonial Temple of Goranchacha Goranchacha - Pueblos Originarios

List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites

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