This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within British South Asia and its predecessor states.
These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 18th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.
Africa
Central
Angola
Kasanje Kingdom (complete list) – Kiluanje kya Ngonga, King (c.1690s–1700s) Kinguri kya Kasombe, King (c.1700s) Kitumba kya Kalunga, King (c.1710s) Kambamba ka Kinguri, King (c.1720s) Kasanje ka Kiluanje, King (c.1730s) Lubame lwa Kipungo, King (c.1739–1750s) Ngunza a Kambamba, King (c.1750–1770) Lukala lwa Njinje, King (early 1770s) Kalunga ka Luhame, King (mid 1770s) Kitumba kya Wanga, King (late 1770s–early 1780s) Kisweya kya Kambamba, King (1780s) Kitamba kya Shiba, King (c.1785–1792) Malenge a Ngonga, King (1792–c.1810) Kingdom of Kongo (complete list) – João II of Lemba, Awenekongo, Lemba claimant (1680–1716) Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo, Mbamba Lovata claimant (1678–1715) Pedro IV, Awenekongo, Kibangu claimant (1695–1709), Manikongo (1709–1718) Manuel II, Manikongo (1718–1743) Garcia IV, Manikongo (1743–1752) Manuel II, Manikongo (1752–post-1758) Nicolau I, Manikongo (mid-18th century) Afonso IV, Manikongo (mid-18th century) António II, Manikongo (mid-18th century) Sebastião I, Manikongo (?–1763) Pedro V, Manikongo (1763–1764) Álvaro XI, Manikongo (1764–1778) José I, Manikongo (1778–1785) Afonso V, Manikongo (1785–1787) Álvaro XII, Manikongo (1787–?) Alexio I, Manikongo (?–1793) Joaquim I, Manikongo (1793–1794) Henrique II, Manikongo (1794–1803) Kingdom of Matamba (complete list) – Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721) Afonso I, King (1721–1741) Ana II, Queen (1741–1756) Verónica II, Queen (1756–1758) Ana III, Queen (1758–?) Francisco II, King (late 18th century) Portuguese Angola (complete list) – Colony, 1575–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
Cameroon
Fondom of Bafut (complete list) – Chunga, King (1677–1708) Ngwa Abi-Fu, King (1708–1752) Tumfong, King (1752–1799) Achirimbi I, King (1799–1852) Kingdom of Bamum (complete list) – Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757) Mbouombouo, Mfon (1757–1814) Duala people (complete list) – Mapoka a Ngie, ruler (17th–18th century) Kuo a Mapoka, ruler (18th century) George, Senior chief, King (fl.1788–90) Priso a Doo, Chief (late 18th century) Kwane a Ngie, Chief (late 18th century) Kwa a Kuo, ruler (18th–early 19th century)
Central African Republic
Chad
Sultanate of Bagirmi (complete list) – ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707) Bar, Mbangi (1707–1722) Wanja, Mbangi (1722–1736) Burkomanda II Tad Lele, Mbangi (1736–1741) Loel, Mbangi (1741–1751) Hajji Mohammed al'Amin, Mbangi (1751–1785) ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806) Wadai Empire (complete list) – Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Kuba Kingdom (complete list)Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910; page 17–19 – KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century) Golo Shanga, Nyim (18th century) Misha Mishanga Shanga, Nyim (18th century) Bokare Che, Nyim (18th century) Bushabun Che, Nyim (18th century) Koto Che, Nyim (18th century) Misha Pelenge Che, Nyim (18th century) Bope Pelenge, Nyim (18th century) Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810) Kingdom of Luba (complete list) – Nkongolo Mwamba, muLopwe (?–1780) Ilunga Sungu, muLopwe (1780–1809) Lunda Empire (complete list) – Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720) Mukaz Munying Kabalond, Mwaant Yaav (c.1720) Muteba I Kat Kateng, Mwaant Yaav (c.1720–c.1750) Mukaz Waranankong, Mwaant Yaav (c.1750–c.1767) Nawej Mufa Muchimbunj, Mwaant Yaav (c.1767–c.1775) Cikombe Yaava, Mwaant Yaav (c.1775–c.1800)
Congo, Republic of the
Kingdom of Loango (complete list) – N'Gangue M'voumbe Nombo, King (?–1766) N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso, King (1773–1787)
Equatorial Guinea
Spanish Guinea (complete list) – Colony, 1778–1968 For details see Spain in southwest Europe
Gabon
Kingdom of Orungu (complete list) – Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?) Ndébulia Mburu, Agamwinboni (c.1730–?) Rénjangué Ndongo, Agamwinboni (?–1750) Rénkondjé, Agamwinboni (c.1750) Ngwèrangu'Iwono, Agamwinboni (c.1750–1790) Ndombe, Agamwinboni (1790) Rénwombi "Mpolo", Agamwinboni (1790–1810)
São Tomé and Príncipe
Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe (complete list) – Colony, 1470–1951 For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe
East
Great Lakes area
Burundi
Kingdom of Burundi (complete list) – Ntare I, King (c.1680–c.1709) Mwezi III, King (c.1709–c.1739) Mutaga III, King (c.1739–c.1767) Mwambutsa I, King (c.1767–c.1796) Ntare IV, King (c.1796–c.1850)
Kenya
Sultanate of Mombasa (complete list) – ‘Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1746–1755) Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1755–1773) Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1773–1782) Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811) Pate Sultanate: Nabahani dynasty (complete list) – Bwana Mkuu, Mfalume (1688–1713) Bwana Tamu, Mfalume (1713–?) Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr, Mfalume (1779–1809)
Rwanda
Kingdom of Rwanda (complete list) – Cyilima II Rujugira, King (1675–1708) Kigeli III Ndabarasa, King (1708–1741) Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo, King (1741–1746) Yuhi IV Gahindiro, King (1746–1802)
South Sudan
Shilluk Kingdom – Tugø, Rädh (c.1690–1710) Nyokwejø, Rädh (c.1780–1820)
Tanzania
Uganda
Ankole (complete list) – Macwa, Omugabe (c.1727–c.1755) Rwabirere, Omugabe (c.1755–1783) Kahaya I, Omugabe (1783–?) Buganda (complete list) – Kayemba, Kabaka (c.1690–c.1704) Tebandeke, Kabaka (c.1704–c.1724) Ndawula, Kabaka (c.1724–c.1734) Kagulu, Kabaka (c.1734–c.1736) Kikulwe, Kabaka (c.1736–c.1738) Mawanda. (c.1738–c.1740) Mwanga I, Kabaka (c.1740–c.1741) Namuggala, Kabaka (c.1741–c.1750) Kyabaggu, Kabaka (c.1750–c.1780) Jjunju, Kabaka (c.1780–c.1797) Semakookiro, Kabaka (c.1797–c.1814) Bunyoro (complete list) – Kyebambe II, Omukama Olimi III, Omukama (c.1710–1731) Duhaga, Omukama (1731–c.1782) Olimi IV, Omukama (c.1782–1786) Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835)
Horn of Africa area
Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Empire (complete list) – Solomonic dynasty Iyasu I, Emperor (1682–1706) Tekle Haymanot I, Emperor (1706–1708) Tewoflos, Emperor (1708–1711) Yostos, Emperor (1711–1716) Dawit III, Emperor (1716–1721) Bakaffa, Emperor (1721–1730) Iyasu II, Emperor (1730–1755) Iyoas I, Emperor (1755–1769) Zemene Mesafint Yohannes II, Emperor (1769) Tekle Haymanot II, Emperor (1769–1770) Susenyos II, Emperor (1770) Tekle Haymanot II, Emperor (1770–1777) Salomon II, Emperor (1777–1779) Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1779–1784) Iyasu III, Emperor (1784–1788) Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1788–1789) Hezqeyas, Emperor (1789–1794) Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1794–1795) Baeda Maryam II, Emperor (1795) Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1795–1796) Salomon III, Emperor (1796–1797) Yonas, Emperor (1797–1798) Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1798–1799) Salomon III, Emperor (1799) Demetros, Emperor (1799–1800) Tekle Giyorgis I, Emperor (1800) Demetros, Emperor (1800–1801) Sultanate of Aussa (complete list) – Kadhafo, Sultan (1734–1749) Kadhafo Mahammad ibn Kadhafo, Sultan (1749–1779) Aydahis ibn Kadhafo Mahammad, Sultan (1779–1801) Kingdom of Garo (complete list)Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64. – Leliso, Tato (1690–1720) Wako, Tato (1720–1740) Malko, Tato (1740–1760) Gabito, Tato (1760–1780) Chaso, usurper Tato, (1780–1790) Dukamo, Tato (1790–1845) Kingdom of Gomma (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix – Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820) Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840) Kingdom of Gumma (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif – Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century) Oncho, Moti (c.1795) Emirate of Harar (complete list) – Ṭalḥa ibn ʿAbdullah, Emīr (1700–1721) Abūbakar ibn ʿAbdullah, Emīr (1721–1732) Khalaf ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1732–1733) Ḥāmid ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1733–1747) Yūsuf ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1747–1755) Aḥmed ibn Abūbakar, Emīr (1755–1782) Maḥamed ibn Yūsuf, Emīr (1782–1783) `Abd al-Shakur ibn Yusuf, Emīr (1783–1794) Ahmad II ibn Muhammad, Emīr (1794–1821) Kingdom of Jimma (complete list) – Abba Faro, Moti (late 18th century) Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800) Kingdom of Kaffa (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268. – Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710) Gaki Gaocho or Otti Sheroch, King (1710–1742) Gali Gaocho or Kanechoch, King (1742–1775) Shagi Sherocho or Gali Keffoch, King (1775–1795) Beshi Ginocho or Kaye Sheroch, King (1795–1798) Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821) Ennarea (complete list)Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30. – Shisafocho, Hinnare-tato (early 18th century) Sacho Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (c.1750) Tekle Sachi, Hinnare-tato (late 18th century) Kingdom of Welayta: Tigre dynasty (complete list)C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii. – Kote, Kawa (18th century) Libana, Kawa (18th century) Tube, Kawo (?–1761) Ogatto, Kawa (1761–1800) Amado, Kawa (1800–1835)
Somalia (including Somaliland)
Sultanate of the Geledi (complete list) – Ibrahim Adeer, Sultan (late 17th century–mid 18th century) Mahamud Ibrahim, Sultan (mid-18th century–1828) Isaaq Sultanate (complete list) – Guled Abdi, Sultan (~1750s-1808)
Indian Ocean
Comoros
Sultanate of Ndzuwani (complete list) – Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711) Salim of Johanna, Sultan (c.1711–c.1741) Saidi Ahamd, Sultan (c.1741–c.1782) Abdallah I (Alimiah), de facto ruler (c.1782–c.1788) Halimah IV, Sultan (c.1788–c.1792) Abdallah I (Alimiah), de facto ruler (c.1792–c.1796) Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816) Sultanate of Mayotte (complete list) – Ali II, Sultan (c.1680–c.1700) Aisa, Queen Regent (c.1700–c.1714) Monavo Fani, Queen Regent (c.1714–c.1720) Abu Bakr, Sultan (c.1720–1727) Salim I, Sultan (1727–1752) Bwana Kombo I, Sultan (1752–1790) Salim II, Sultan (1790–1807)
Madagascar
Boina Kingdom (complete list) – Andriamandisoarivo (Tsimanata), King (c.1690–1720) Andrianamboniarivo (Toakafa), King (c.1720–1730) Andriamahatindriarivo, King (c.1730–1760) Andrianahilitsy, King (c.1760–1767) Andrianiveniarivo, King (1767–1770) Andrianihoatra, King (1770–1771) Andrianikeniarivo, King (1771–1777) Andrianaginarivo, Queen (1777–1778) Tombola, Queen (1778) Ravahiny, Queen (c.1778–1808) Merina Kingdom (complete list) – Andriamasinavalona, King (1675–1710) Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka, King (1710–1730) Andriambelomasina, King (1730–1770) Andrianjafynandriamanitra, King (1770–1787) Andrianampoinimerina, King (1787–1810)
Mauritius
Isle de France (complete list) – French colony, 1715–1810 For details see France under western Europe
Seychelles
Northcentral
Libya
Karamanli dynasty of Ottoman Tripolitania (complete list) – Ahmed I, Pasha (1711–1745) Mehmed, Pasha (1745–1754) Ali I, Pasha (1754–1793) Ali Burghul, Pasha (1793–1795) Ahmed II, Pasha (1795) Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha (1795–1832)
Tunisia
Eyalet of Tunis – Ibrahim Sharif, Bey (1702–1705) Beylik of Tunis (complete list) – Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, Bey (1705–1735) Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Bey (1735–1756)