The Åstrand test is a method to estimate VO2 max (the maximum rate at which an individual can consume oxygen during exercise), an indicator of cardiovascular fitness.Astrand, P. (1952). Experimental studies of physical working capacity in relation to sex and age. Munksgaard, Copenhagen. The test involves performing steady, submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer at gradually increasing intensity (incremental exercise) while monitoring heart rate. This data is used to predict VO₂ max without requiring maximal exertion.
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