This article contains a list of birds found in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, which straddles the states of Colima and Jalisco in Mexico. The reserve is located in the transition of the Nearctic and Neotropical realms and encompasses parts of the Sierra Madre del Sur, with a wide range of altitudes, climates and soils. The effects of tectonic and volcanic activities and erosion are notable within the reserve.
Forest types in the reserve including mesophytic, cloud, and dry deciduous and semi-deciduous tropical forests. Anthropologists know the region as Zona de Occidente, an area notably different to the rest of Mesoamerica. Some ceramic remnants, figurines and graves have been found, but there is little other material evidence. As of 1995 almost 8,000 people lived in the Reserva de la Biosfera Manantlan, engaged mainly in agriculture (corn, beans, tomatoes, sugar cane, watermelon, mangoes), livestock grazing, timber production, and extraction of wood for fuel and mining of coal or minerals. Another 30,000 lived in the surrounding communities and almost 700,000 in the surrounding region of influence.
Ecological characteristics
The Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve is located to the extreme north of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The climate in the region is influenced by various factors in addition to its latitude, such as its proximity to the coast, the effect of its landform – orographic shade – and the breadth of the altitudinal range, which partly goes to explain the high regional biodiversity and the presence of numerous plant formations ranging from tropical forests to those of temperate-cold climates.
The biosphere reserve's varied and complex plant cover harbors a great wealth of flora. There are over 2900 species of vascular plants belonging to 981 genera. Wildlife is one of the important components of the high biodiversity in this reserve. Among the main values of the biosphere reserve, in addition to its great wealth of species and its unique biogeographical characteristics, is the presence of endangered or useful endemic species. So far 110 species of mammals have been reported, among which the Mexican vole Microtus mexicanus neveriae and the pocket gopher Cratogeomys gymnurus russelli, in addition to other mammals such as the oncilla, the jaguarandi, the ocelot, the puma, the bobcat, the jaguar and four species of nectarivorous bats.
Three hundred and thirty-six species of birds have been reported, among them thirty-six which are endemic to Mexico, such as the charismatic species: the crested guan (Penelope purpurascens), the military macaw (Ara militaris), the red-lored amazon (Amazona autumnalis) and the Mexican national symbol, the golden eagle. In terms of herpetofauna, 85 species have been recorded. Of these it is known that 13 are endemic to the western and central region of Mexico: the rattlesnake, the black iguana, the frog Shyrrhopus modestus, the beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum) and the Autlan rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi), an endemic species only reported for the area of Puerto de Los Mazos. Of the 16 species of fish identified, 13 are native and four are endemic to the region.
Tinamiformes Tinamidae Crypturellus or Tinamu Crypturellus cinnamomeus or Tinamu canela: , thicket tinamou, rufescent tinamou, perdis
Anseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna Dendrocygna autumnalis: , black bellied whistling duck
Cairina Cairina moschata ssp. domestica: , Muscovy duck
Anas Anas americana: , American wigeon Anas cyanoptera: cerceta canela, cinnamon teal Anas diazi or Anas platyrhynchos ssp. diazi: pato mexicano, Mexican duck Anas discors: cerceta ala azul, blue winged teal
Aythya Aythya affinis: pato boludo-menor, lesser scaup
Oxyura Oxyura jamaicensis: pato tepalcate, ruddy duck
Galliformes
Cracidae Ortalis Ortalis poliocephala: , west Mexican chachalaca
Penelope Penelope purpurascens: pava cojolita, crested guan
Odontophoridae Colinus Colinus virginianus: codorniz cotuí, northern bobwhite
Cyrtonyx Cyrtonyx montezumae: codorniz Moctezuma, Montezuma quail
Dactylortyx Dactylortyx thoracicus: codorniz silbadora, tindorinda, singsong quail
Dendrortyx Dendrortyx macroura: codorniz-coluda neovolcánica, gallinita, long tailed wood partridge
Philortyx Philortyx fasciatus: codorniz rayada, banded quail
Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus Tachybaptus dominicus: , least grebe
Podilymbus Podilymbus podiceps: zambullidor pico grueso, pied billed grebe
Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Nannopterum Nannopterum brasilianum: , Neotropic cormorant
Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea Ardea alba: , great white egret Ardea herodias: garza morena, great blue heron
Botaurus Botaurus lentiginosus: avetoro norteño, American bittern
Bubulcus Bubulcus ibis: garza ganadera, cattle egret
Butorides Butorides virescens: garceta verde, green heron
Egretta Egretta caerulea: garceta azul, pichichi, little blue heron Egretta thula: garceta pie-dorado, snowy egret Egretta tricolor: garceta tricolor, tricolored heron
Nycticorax Nycticorax nycticorax: pedrete corona negra, black crowned night heron
Ciconiidae Mycteria Mycteria americana: cigüeña americana, la ciguena, wood stork
Threskiornithidae Plegadis Plegadis chihi: ibis cara blanca, white faced ibis
Accipitriformes
Cathartidae Cathartes Cathartes aura: , aura, turkey vulture
Coragyps Coragyps atratus: zopilote común, zopilote alas blancas, black vulture
Accipitridae Pandion Pandion haliaetus: aguilla pescadora, gavilán pescador, osprey
Chondrohierax Chondrohierax uncinatus: gavilan coracolero, gavilán pico gancho, hook-billed kite
Elanus Elanus leucurus: milano cola blanca, white-tailed kite
Circus Circus cyaneus: gavilán rastrero, northern harrier, marsh hawk
Accipiter Accipiter striatus: San Miguilito, gavilán pecho blanco, sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter cooperii: gavilán de Cooper, Cooper's hawk Accipiter gentilis: gavilán azor, northern goshawk
Buteo Buteo plagiatus: aguililla gris, el busardo gris, gavilán saraviado, grey hawk Buteo brachyurus: aguililla cola corto, gavilán rabicorto, short-tailed hawk Buteo albonotatus: aguililla zopilota, aguililla aura, aguilucho negro, zone-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis: aguililla cola roja, red-tailed hawk Buteo platypterus: aguililla, halconcillo, aguila ala ancha, gavilán ala ancho, broad-winged hawk
Buteo or Rupornis Buteo magnirostris: aguililla caminera, roadside hawk
Buteo or Geranoaetus Buteo albicaudatus: aguililla cola blanca, gavilán coliblanco, aguilucho alas largas, white-tailed hawk
Aquila Aquila chrysaetos: aguila real, golden eagle
Spizaetus Spizaetus ornatus: aguilla chonguda, aguila elegante, ornate hawk-eagle
Harpyhaliaetus or Buteogallus Harpyhaliaetus solitarius: aguilla negra, aguilla solitario, solitary eagle
Geranospiza Geranospiza caerulescens: gavilán zancón, crane hawk
Parabuteo Parabuteo unicinctus: aguililla rojinegra, Harris's hawk
Falconiformes Falconidae Micrastur Micrastur semitorquatus: , collared forest-falcon
Caracara Caracara plancus: kelele, caracara quebrantahuesos, crested caracara
Herpetotheres Herpetotheres cachinnans: halcón guaco, laughing falcon
Falco Falco sparverius: quiliqui, cernícalo americano, American kestrel Falco rufigularis: wauw, halcón eenano, bat falcon Falco peregrinus: halcón peregrino, peregrine falcon Falco columbarius: halcón esmerejón, merlin
Gruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio Porphyrio martinica: , purple gallinule
Gallinula Gallinula chloropus: gallineta frente roja, common moorhen
Fulica Fulica americana: choca, hayno, gallareta americana, American coot
Aramidae Aramus Aramus guarauna: carrao, limpkin
Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius Charadrius vociferus: , chorlitejo colirrojo, chorlo gritón, killdeer
Recurvirostridae Himantopus Himantopus mexicanus: candelero americano, black-necked stilt
Jacanidae Jacana Jacana spinosa: gurupiche, jacana norteña, northern jacana
Scolopacidae Actitis Actitis macularia: playero manchado, andarríos maculado, playero alzacolita, spotted sandpiper
Columbiformes Columbidae Patagioenas Patagioenas fasciata: , collareja, paloma de collar, band-tailed pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris: huilota morada, paloma piquirroja, paloma morada, red-billed pigeon
Zenaida Zenaida asiatica: huilota alas blancas, la tórtola aliblanca, paloma aliblanca, paloma ala blanca, white-winged dove Zenaida macroura: la huilota, tórtola, rabiche, paloma huilota, mourning dove
Columbina Columbina inca: toritos, la tortolita mexicana, tórtola cola larga, Inca dove Columbina passerina: torcacita, la tortolita azul, cococha, columbita común, tórtola coquita, common ground-dove Columbina talpacoti: tortolita, columbina colorada, cocochita, tórtola rojiza, ruddy ground-dove
Leptotila Leptotila verreauxi: paloma montaraz común, paloma arroyera, white-tipped dove
Geotrygon Geotrygon montana: perdiz cara roja, parirí, paloma-perdiz rojiza, ruddy quail-dove
Psittaciformes Psittacidae Aratinga or Eupsittula Aratinga canicularis: , perico frente naranja, orange-fronted parakeet
Aratinga Ara militaris: guacamaya verde, military macaw
Forpus Forpus cyanopygius: cotorrita mexicana, perico catarina, Mexican blue-rumped parrotlet
Amazona Amazona finschi: loro corona lila, lilac-crowned parrot Amazona oratrix: loro cabeza amarilla, yellow-headed parrot
Rhynchopsitta Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha: cotorra-serrana occidental, thick-billed parrot
Cuculiformes Cuculidae Coccyzus Coccyzus minor: , mangrove cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus: cuclillo piquinegro, cuclillo pico negro, black-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus: cuclillo piquigualdo, cuclillo pico amarillo, yellow-billed cuckoo
Piaya Piaya cayana: cuclillo canela, cuclillo ardilla, squirrel cuckoo
Geococcyx Geococcyx velox: correcaminos chico, correcaminos menor, correcaminos tropical, lesser roadrunner
Morococcyx Morococcyx erythropygus: cuclillo terrestre, cuclillo sabanero, lesser ground-cuckoo
Crotophaga Crotophaga sulcirostris: garrapatero pijuy, groove-billed ani
Strigiformes Tytonidae Tyto Tyto furcata: , lechuza común, lechuza blanca, American barn owl
Strigidae Otus Otus flammeolus: tecolote ojo oscuro, flammulated owl
Megascops Megascops guatemalae: autillo guatemalteco, tecolote vermiculado, vermiculated screech-owl Megascops trichopsis: autillo bigotudo, tecolote bigotudo, tecolote rítmico, whiskered screech-owl
Bubo Bubo virginianus: búho cornudo, great horned owl
Glaucidium Glaucidium gnoma: tecolote serrano, northern pygmy-owl (mountain) Glaucidium brasilianum: tecolote bajeño, ferruginous pygmy-owl Glaucidium palmarum: tecolote colimense, Colima pygmy-owl
Athene Athene cunicularia: tecolote llanero, burrowing owl
Strix Strix varia: búho listado, barred owl Strix occidentalis: búho manchado, spotted owl Strix virgata: búho café, mottled owl
Asio Asio stygius: búho cara oscura, stygian owl Asio flammeus: búho cuerno corto, short-eared owl
Aegolius Aegolius acadicus: lechuza norteña, mochuelo cabezón, tecolotito cabezón, tecolote abetero norteño, tecolote afilador, northern saw-whet owl
Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Chordeiles Chordeiles minor: , atajacaminos común, añapero yanqui, añapero boreal, common nighthawk Chordeiles minor: chordeiles acutipennis, chotacabras menor, lesser nighthawk
Nyctidromus Nyctidromus albicollis: chotacabras pauraque, pauraque Nyctiphrynus mcleodii: tapacamino prío, eared poorwill
Caprimulgus Caprimulgus ridgwayi: chotacabras tucuchillo, tapacamino tu-cuchillo, buff-collared nightjar Caprimulgus vociferus: caprimulgus vociferus, tapacamino cuerporruín-norteño, northern whippoorwill
Nyctibiidae Nyctibius Nyctibius jamaicensis: pecuy, tapacamino, bienparado norteño, northern potoo
Apodiformes Apodidae Cypseloides Cypseloides niger: , black swift Cypseloides storeri: vencejo frente blanca, whitefronted swift Cypseloides cryptus: vencejo barbiblanco, white-chinned swift
Streptoprocne Streptoprocne rutila: vencejo cuello castaño, chestnut-collared swift