José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal, Count of Doña Marina (1858–1934) was a Spanish writer, publisher and a Carlist politician. He is known mostly as the manager of two Traditionalist dailies, issued in the 1890s and 1900s in the Vascongadas, and as the author of minor works related to jurisprudence and history. As a politician he briefly headed the Carlist regional party organization in Castile, though he is recognized rather as an architect of political rebranding of Carlism in the late 19th century.

Family and youth

The Liñán family counts among the oldest ones in Spain; its first representative, Pier de Linyan, was noted in the early 12th century as taking part in Reconquista and serving under Alfonso I de Aragón.he died 1129, Historia y origen del apellido Liñán, [in:] Liñán service, available here His descendants formed a much-branched dynasty of military commanders and civil servants, many of them noted in history of the country and some in history of Latin America. One of its lines remained related to South-Eastern Aragón, holding a number of estates in the provinces of Zaragoza and Teruel.mostly in the comarcas of Calatayud, Daroca and Jiloca, Linaje de Liñán entry, [in:] Xilocapedia service, available here Its descendant and José Pascual's grandfather, Pascual Sebastián de Liñán y Dolz de Espejo (1775-1855),Pascual de Liñán y Dolz de Espejo entry, [in:] Geneallnet service, available here made his name during the Peninsular War, when he rose to a general; dispatched to New Spain and serving as governor of Veracruz, back in Spain he was capitán general de Madrid and stayed loyal to Fernando VII during the First Carlist War.Historia y origen del apellido Liñán

Pascual Sebastián's son and José Pascual's father, Pascual de Liñán y Fernández-Rubio (1837-1920),El norte: diario católico-monárquico 04.03.20, available here inherited some of the Aragón landholdings and entered the emerging bourgeoisie by trying his hand in the insurance business.El Clamor Público 15.06.64, available here He made less of a public figure: apart from becoming the royal mayordomo de semana,El Clamor Público 15.06.64 in the late 1870s he briefly served as a provincial Madrid deputy and an Aragon deputy to the Cortes,La Lealtad 17.01.97, available here in both cases affiliated with the Conservatives. Pascual de Liñán married María de los Dolores Eguizábal Cavanilles (died 1897),El Correo Español 14.01.97, available here daughter of an intellectual, politician, deputy and senator of the Isabelline era, José Eugenio de Eguizábal.José de Liñan Equizabal, Algunas notas para la biografía de D. José Eugenio de Eguizabal, [in:] José Eugenio de Eugizábal (ed.), Apuntes para una historia de la legislacion española sobre imprenta desde el año de 1480 al presente, Madrid 1879, p. XXIV The couple lived in their properties in Aragón, Valencia and Madrid. They had 3 children, José Pascual born as the older of two sons.María de los Dolores Eguizábal Cavanilles entry, [in:] Geneanet service, available here, María de los Dolores Eguizábal y Cavanilles entry, [in:] Geneallnet service, available here/

José Pascual was first educated in Escuelas Pías de San AntonLa Nación 09.01.28, available here and Instituto de San Isidro in Madrid, curriculum later referred to as "sólida educación cristiana",Parroquia madrileña de San Sebastián: algunos personajes de su archivo, Madrid 1995, , p. 520, La Lealtad 17.01.97 and excelled in history.in 1872 he was awarded a prize for excellent results obtained during history classes, Mariano Muñoz Herrera, Bernardo Rodríguez y Largo, Elías Alfaro y Navarro (eds.), Resumen acerca del estado del Instituto de San Isidro de Madrid, Madrid 1872, available here In 1875, he was already studying derecho romano,La Correspondencia de España 02.10.75, available here to graduate in derecho y administración in 1879.La Lealtad 17.01.97 Shortly afterwards he was appointed abogado fiscal sustituido at the provincial Madrid courtLa Correspondencia de España 28.12.79, available here and entered the Madrid colegio de abogados,La Raza Latina 15.03.83, available here; he was later admitted also to colegio de abogados of Bilbao and San Sebastián, B. de Artagan [Reynaldo Brea], Príncipe heróico y soldados leales, Barcelona 1912, p. 185 becoming also secretary of Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación.Annuario Almanaque de la Industria, de la Magistratura y de la Administración 1880, available here. In 1933 Liñán admitted that he had landed the job mostly thanks to his uncle Cavanilles, El Siglo Futuro 28.02.33, available here. In 1884 he became member of Junta del Gobierno of the Academy, El Imparcial 24.05.84, available here. At some point he grew to president of Sección de derecho público y Economía política, Artagan 1912, p. 182, and in 1885 to revisor, La Correspondencia de España 03.05.85, available here In 1880La Moda Elegante 06.10.80, available he married a girl from Andalusia, María Josefa de Heredia y Saavedra (1860-1929),La Epoca 09.07.29, available here descendant to two aristocratic families.her paternal grandfather held the titles of conde de Doña Marina and marqués de Heredia, her maternal grandfather was duque de Rivas Her great-grandfather along the paternal line, Narciso Heredia y Begines de los Ríos, was the moderado prime minister in the late 1830s;Narciso Heredia y Begines de los Ríos was the father María Josefa Heredia Cerviño, who married Narciso de Heredia y Peralta and was the mother of Narciso de Heredia Heredia, the father of Josefa, compare María Josefa de Heredia y Cerviño entry, [in:] Fundación Casa Ducal de Medinaceli service, available here, and Josefa Heredia Saavedra entry, [in:] Geneanet service, available here her maternal grandfather, Ángel de Saavedra, was briefly the prime minister in 1854, but is better known as a romantic poet and dramatist.in 1860 the 11-year-old José Pascual was dedicated a short children’s story in El Mundo Pintoresco; the author was signed as "Javier de Palacio", compare El Mundo Pintoresco 04.11.60, available here. Its highly romantinc glow suggests it might have beev Saavedra, who was 69 at the time In 1891 she inherited the title of Countess of Doña Marina.1st Count of Doña Marina died in January 1890, El Día 16.01.90, available here. His son denounced the title in favor of his daughter, Artagan 1912, p. 186 As her husband José Pascual de Liñán became conde-consorte.the title was created by Alfonso XII; according to the Carlist reading he was an usurper, which rendered all titles conferred by him invalid. Hence, before accepting the title José Liñán sought authorization on part of the Carlist king Carlos VII, who granted the appropriate permission, Artagan 1912, p. 186 Though the couple inherited a number of estates they settled in Madrid. They had one child, Narciso José de Liñán y Heredia, 3. Count of Doña Marina; he was moderately active as a Carlist and held high posts in the realm of archives and museums during the Republic and early Francoism.ABC 17.08.55, available here. He was known also as a beekeper, see José María de Jaime Lorén, Narciso José de Liñán y Heredia, director de La Colmena, [in:] Vida apícola: revista de apicultura 187 (2014), pp. 46-47

Author

Already as a child José demonstrated a knack for letters; his 1871 poem was printed in a religious review.the poem was titled A María Santísima de los dolores and was attributed to José Liñán as a 10-year-old, La cruz: revista religiosa de España y demás paises católicos, Madrid 1871, p. 380, available here The interest was developed during his teenage years: in 1875 he used to publish theatrical reviews,under the pen-name of "Tirso de Aragón", El Pabellon Nacional 14.12.75, available here in 1876 he established firm co-operation with a literary periodical La Revista,La Revista 08.02.76, available here and in 1879 he went on publishing juvenile poetry.e.g. using the pen-name of "A. de Valbuena" he published a poem, praising the virtues of reconquista, El Siglo Futuro 31.05.79, available here He kept writing rhymes also later on, though they were reserved mostly for private audience.some of them commented ongoing events, e.g. in 1887 he acknowledged with a sonet an incident which left him assaulted, Artagan 1912, p. 184, he wrote a poem in wake of secularization debate of 1902, El Correo Español 12.08.02, available here, and in 1928 responded with rhymes to death of Juan Vázquez de Mella It is only by the end of his life that Doña Marina resumed publishing brief poetical pieces; few of them went into print in 1928La Lectura Dominical 11.02.28, available here and 1929.La Lectura Dominical 06.02.29, available here Revolving around the same religious topics as verses written 50 years earlier they demonstrated also the same unshaken faith. Already juvenile works revealed a penchant for melancholy; it governs unchallenged in his late lyrics. Moderately contributing to Carlism in literature, by some foreigners he was considered him "the best Spanish poet".Mundo Grafico 13.10.15, available here

Works which earned Doña Marina a reputation of an erudite and intellectual are medium-size academic or semi-academic studies, published as articles in scientific and literary reviews, as stand-alone booklets or as sections of larger compilation books.e.g. in 1914 he published a book of 450 pages, titled Estudios juridicos and composed of his earlier works, El Correo Español 10.02.14, available here Their number does not exceed 40 titles; they chiefly fall into 3 areas: law, letters and history.