The Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (, Bakamla) is a maritime patrol and rescue agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Bakamla is a non-ministerial government institution which reports directly to the President through Coordinating Ministry for Political and Security Affairs. Bakamla's duty is to conduct security and safety patrols in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia including in the Exclusive Economic Zone of Indonesia under the international law of UNCLOS 1982. Previously Bakamla was a non-structural institution called the Coordinating Agency for the Security of the Republic of Indonesia (). The agency is not part or associated with the Indonesian National Armed Forces, although its top-ranking leadership are handpicked from the Indonesian Navy. Bakamla and the Indonesian Navy, however, often conduct exercises and joint-operation together. While during search-and-rescue operations, Bakamla also conduct joint-operations with the National Search and Rescue Agency.
President Joko Widodo officially announced the establishment of Bakamla to coincide with the 2014 Nusantara Day celebration held in Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. During the occasion, the President mentioned that Bakamla would be coordinated by the Coordinating Minister for Politics, Law and Security. Meanwhile, in the management and utilization of marine resources, Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs would coordinate with the Coordinating Minister for the Ministry of Maritime Affairs.
Bakamla is not associated with the Indonesian Sea and Coast Guard Unit (). While the former is under the jurisdiction of the Coordinating Ministry for Political and Security Affairs, the latter is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Transportation. Both of them however has similar roles and functions.
History Maritime Security Coordinating Board () initially had been formed in 1972 through a joint decree of the Minister of Defense and Security / Commander of the Armed Forces, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Finance, Minister of Justice and Attorney General, No. KEP/B/45/XII/1972; SK/901/M/1972; KEP.779/MK/III/12/1972; J.S.8 /72/1; KEP-085/J.A/12/1972 on the Establishment of Marine Safety Coordinating Board and the Joint Command Operations Marine Safety.
Due to changes on governance and development of the strategic environment in 2003, Maritime Security Coordinating Board requires refreshment to improve coordination among various government agencies in the field of maritime security. Hence, Coordinating Minister for Political and Security Affairs issued decree, No. KEP.05 / Menko / Polkam / 2/2003, of establishment of a working group Development Planning security and Law Enforcement at Sea. And through a series of seminars and cross-sectoral coordination meeting, then on 29 December 2005, it was determined the Presidential Decree No. 81 Year 2005 on Maritime Security Coordinating Board as the legal basis of the Maritime Security Coordinating Board.
Following the enactment of Article 59 (3) Law No. 32 Year 2014 concerning the Marine, Bakorkamla officially renamed the Maritime Security Agency or Badan Kemananan Laut (Bakamla). Legal basis for Bakamla was then reinforced by the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 178 of 2014 on Maritime Security Agency.
Before 2022, there are multiple maritime law enforcement agencies in Indonesia which tend to have overlap authority between one another in the maritime zone of the country. In March 2022, the government issue new regulation to designate Bakamla as coordinating body for all maritime law enforcement agencies.
Although Bakamla has always referred to itself as Indonesian Coast Guard through its insignia on uniforms, assets and social medias, there are no regulation or law that explicitly state that Bakamla as a "coast guard". The latest regulation in 2022 only refer Bakamla as the "Agency" without assigning it the role of a coast guard. This issue has become more contentious following the 2024 revision of Law No. 17/2008 on Shipping, which designates the Indonesian Sea and Coast Guard (KPLP) as the sole coast guard authority. This designation has led to legal conflicts between KPLP and Bakamla, the latter having already used the title "Indonesian Coast Guard" despite lacking formal recognition. Such conflicts raise concerns about the clarity of maritime law enforcement roles and the effectiveness of Indonesia’s maritime operations both domestically and in the context of international cooperation.
Function
The task of Bakamla is to conduct security and safety patrols in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia.
Establish national policies in the field of security and safety in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia; Organize security and safety early warning systems in Indonesian waters and jurisdiction areas; Carry out safeguards, supervision, prevention and prosecution of law violations in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia; Coordinate and monitor the execution of water patrol with relevant agencies; Provide technical and operational support to related institutions; Provide search and rescue assistance in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the territory of Indonesian jurisdiction;
According to Article 63 Law No. 32/2014 on Marine Affairs, Bakamla has the authority to: conduct an immediate pursuit; dismiss, examine, arrest, carry, and deliver vessels to relevant authorities for further legal process execution; and synergize the information system of security and safety in the territorial waters of Indonesia and the jurisdiction of Indonesia.
Organisation
According to presidential decree No. 178/ 2014, the organisation structure of the BAKAMLA comprises the following components:
Head of Bakamla Law Enforcement Unit Inspectorate Task Forces Secretary of Bakamla Bureau of Planning and Organization Bureau of General Affairs Bureau of Infrastructure Deputy of Information, Law and Cooperation. Directorate of Data and Information Directorate of Law Directorate of Cooperation Deputy of Operation and Training Directorate of Naval Operation Directorate of Naval Aviation Operation Directorate of Training Deputy of Policy and Strategy Directorate of Marine Security Policy Directorate of Marine Security Strategy Directorate of Marine Security Research and Development Head of Western Maritime Zone Office Head of Central Maritime Zone Office Head of Eastern Maritime Zone Office
Academy
The Marine Safety and Security Academy () is the main training institute for Bakamla candidates. The academy is located within the area of Naval Doctrine, Education, and Training Development Command (), Bumimoro, Surabaya. The AKKL (Marine Safety and Security Academy) is a breakthrough of Bakamla in preparing qualified human resources in the field of marine security and marine education for three years.
AKKL is paramilitary academy and its graduates will get diploma certificate, the establishment of AAKL is due to cooperation between Bakamla and the Navy. AKKL's campus is located inside the Kodiklatal for Dormitory and Classroom, and the early warning system skill laboratory is located at Naval Academy (AAL) Bumi Moro, Moro Krembangan, Surabaya. The requirements to become AKKL cadets are as followse: male with age 22 years or below, high school graduate, physically and mentally fit, proven to have good behaviour and passed the selection test.
Operational areas The operational area of Bakamla is the Indonesian Maritime Zone which is divided into three maritime zones: Western Maritime Zone () - Headquartered in Batam, Riau Islands. This maritime zone oversees areas of western Indonesia such as the islands of Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. Central Maritime Zone () - Headquartered in Manado, North Sulawesi. This maritime zone oversees areas of central Indonesia such as Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Eastern Maritime Zone () - Headquartered in Ambon, Maluku. This maritime zone oversees areas of eastern Indonesia such as Maluku and Papua. In the future, Bakamla will increase the base or maritime zone spread over Indonesian waters by building seven more maritime zones to support the marine security sector. Seven maritime zones to be built in North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Cilacap, Makassar, Balikpapan, Natuna, Sorong, and Merauke. Each maritime base will have long-range radar stations and satellites to support operations. In addition, it will also be equipped with surveillance equipment and information from the satellite, which can monitor anyone entering Indonesian waters.
Equipment Vessels All vessels of Bakamla are named with the prefix KN (Kapal Negara or State Ship). Smaller sized boats with light armaments do not make use of the prefix, and instead are only identifiable by their number. All vessels are built by local shipyards such as Palindo Marine and Citra Shipyard. Patrol Vessels (22)ClassPictureUnitsLengthTypeBuildersShips OriginNote Tanjung Datu class 1 110 meters Offshore Patrol VesselPalindo Marine KN Tanjung Datu (301) Indonesia In active service. Pulau Nipah class 3 80 meters Offshore Patrol VesselCitra Shipyard KN Pulau Nipah (321)KN Pulau Marore (322)KN Pulau Dana (323) Indonesia In active service.Bintang Laut class648 metersCoastal Patrol VesselPalindo MarineKN Bintang Laut (401)IndonesiaIn active service.Citra ShipyardKN Singa Laut (402)Batam Expresindo ShipyardKN Kuda Laut (403)Pahala Harapan LestariKN Gajah Laut (404)In active service.Palindo MarineKN Ular Laut (405)Karimun Anugrah SejatiKN Belut Laut (406) X38 Patrol Catamaran 8 12 meters Catamaran hulled Patrol boatNorth Sea Boats boats (501 – 508) Indonesia In active service. High Speed Craft (HSC) 4 14.30 meters Patrol boatPalindo Marine boats (32-01–32-04) Indonesia In active service.Tactical Vessels (10) Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat (RHIB) 10 9 – 12 meters Patrol boat -boats (87-02–87-11) Indonesia In active service.
Aircraft In 2022, Bakamla confirmed it operated four Alpha 900 helicopter drones developed by the Spanish firm Alpha Unmanned Systems. The drones operate from the flight decks of the 110 m Tanjung Datu and 80 m Pulau Nipah-class offshore patrol vessels.
As of February 2025, Bakamla also operates one NC-212-200 maritime surveillance aircraft which it leases from Transwisata Prima Aviation, using the registration PK-TWW. Weapon systems NameOriginTypeVersionUsed byNotesAselsan SMASHTurkeyRemote controlled weapon stationSMASH 30×173mmTanjung Datu-classPulau Nipah-ClassBintang Laut-ClassPindad SM5SingaporeIndonesiaHeavy machine gun12.7x99mm NATOTanjung Datu-ClassPulau Nipah-ClassBintang Laut-Class
Small arms
NameOriginTypeCaliberVariantNoteCanik TP9TurkeySemi-automatic pistol9x19mm ParabellumElite S2Beretta APXItalySemi-automatic pistol9x19mm ParabellumAPX A0Heckler & Koch USPGermanySemi-automatic pistol9x19mm ParabellumUSPSIG Sauer P226GermanySemi-automatic pistol9x19mm ParabellumP226CZ Scorpion EVO 3Czech RepublicSubmachine gun9x19mm ParabellumA1DSAR-15South KoreaAssault rifle5.56x45mm NATODSAR-15PHK416GermanyAssault rifle5.56x45mm NATOHK416HK417GermanyDesignated marksman rifle7.62×51mm NATOG28DSSR762South KoreaDesignated marksman rifle7.62×51mm NATOMinimiBelgiumIndonesiaLight machine gun5.56x45mm NATOSM3Pindad SM2BelgiumIndonesiaGeneral purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATOSM2 V2
Procurement
Vessels In March 2024, Bakamla and the Japanese government concluded a grant agreement for the provision of a single offshore patrol vessel. This was followed by the signing of a procurement contract in December 2024, marking the formal implementation of the grant. The vessel is being constructed in Japan by Mitsubishi Shipbuilding with financing provided through the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and is scheduled for completion in 2027.