Willy Marckwald (1864, Jakobskirch, Kingdom of Prussia – 1942, Rolândia, Brazil)Guide to the Willy Marckwald Collection, 1931-1934, AR 10156. Leo Baeck Institute Archives. Center for Jewish History was a German chemist.

Biography

Marckwald studied at Berlin's Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität and received there from the First Chemical Institute in 1886 his Promotierung under A. W. Hofmann with a dissertation on organic chemistry entitled Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Thialdehyde und Thialdine.Inaugural-Dissertation "Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Thialdehyde und Thialdine", results published as Ueber Zersetzungsprodukte des rhodanwasserstoffsauren Thialdins, Ber. dt. Chem. Ges. 19, 1826 (1886) & Ueber das Methylthialdin, Ber. dt. Chem. Ges. 19, 2378 (1886).

By his research on furans, Marckwald received his HabilitationMarckwald - Publikationsübersicht 1888–1896 in a very short time in 1889 under the supervision of A. W. Hofmann at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin. In 1899 Marckwald became one of the department heads at the Second Chemical Institute.Historie II. Chem. Institut: Vorstand (chief executive) to 1891 Carl Rammelsberg, 1891–1904 Hans Heinrich Landolt, 1905–1923 Walter Nernst, from 1923 Max Bodenstein. - Bunsenstraße 1, Berlin. In 1905 the Second Chemical Institute (II. Chemische Institut) was renamed the "Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut" (the Institute of Physical Chemistry). He held this Privatdozent-level position until his age-related retirement in 1930.

From 1928 to 1931 he was the board chair of the German Chemical Society.

In 1890 Marckwald married Margarete Salomon (1871–1908). Their marriage produced two sons, Friedrich (1892–1917), who died in World War I as a naval aviator, and Johann (1902–1986). In 1936 Willy Marckwald, with his son Johann and his daughter-in-law Prisca, became immigrants in Brazil.

Scientific work From the starting point of his Promotierung dissertation and Habilitation, Marckwald developed a wide interest in all the fields of chemistry of his era. In heterocyclic chemistry, building upon the research done on Gabriel synthesis, he developed a method for synthesis of aziridines from β-halogen-amines. This ring closure method, known as the Gabriel-Marckwald reaction, allows the preparation of heterocyclic amines that are n-membered, where n=3,4,5,6, or 7.S. Gabriel: Ueber Vinylamin. In: Ber. dt. chem. Ges. 21, 1049 (1888)C. C. Howard, W. Marckwald: Zur Constitution des Vinylamins. In: Ber. dt. chem. Ges. 32, 2036 (1899)W. Marckwald: Ueber das Dimethylenimin. In: Ber. dt. chem. Ges. 33, 764 (1900)W. Marckwald, O. Frobenius: Ueber Verbindungen aus der Aethyleniminreihe. In: Ber. dt. chem. Ges. 34, 3544 (1901). In so far as possible, Marckwald sold the patent rights for use in industry.US-Patent Nr. 500665: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Piperazin, angemeldet 26. Mai 1892, Nutzungsrechte Chemische Fabrik auf Aktien (Schering) On this topic, he also wrote monographs of general interest.„Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen dem Siedepunkte und der Zusammensetzung chemischer Verbindungen welche bisher erkannt worden sind“

At the Second Chemical Institute, Marckwald did pioneering research on kinetic resolution and stereoselective synthesis.

Three of his outstanding achievements were: 1899, Kinetic resolution by synthetic means;W. Marckwald, Alex. McKenzie: Ueber eine principiell neue Methode zur Spaltung racemischer Verbindungen in die Bestandtheile. In: Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 32, 2130 (1899). 1900, Methods for enantiomer separation by crystallization of derivatives;W. Marckwald: Ueber die Trennung der Amylalkohole des Fuselöles. In: Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 34, 479 (1901). 1904, Enantioselective chemical synthesis (Asymmetrische Katalyse).W. Marckwald: Ueber asymmetrische Synthese. In: Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 37, 349 (1904).

At the Second Chemical Institute under Landolt's direction, Marckwald beginning in 1900 turned increasingly toward theory„Die Benzoltheorie“ von W. Marckwald, 1898 but also to the inorganic chemistry of radioactive compounds. He collaborated on Landolt's sections in the textbook Graham-Otto's ausführlichem Lehrbuch der Chemie. From 5 metric tons of uranium ore, in 1902 Marckwald succeeded in isolating 3 milligrams of polonium, which he provisionally (vorläufig) named radio-tellurium.Die 14. Hauptversammlung der Bunsengesellschaft. In: Polytechnisches Journal. Band 322, 1907, Miszelle 1, Seite 364.: „3 mg Poloniumsalz aus 5.000 kg Uranerz“. In 1904 he published a monograph on radioactivity.„Über Bequerelstrahlen und radio-aktive Substanzen“. Moderne Ärztliche Bibliothek, Heft 7 (1904)

In 1911 Marckwald and Alexander Smith Russell published evidence suggesting that the radioactive thorium isotope 230Th and ionium are identical.

Honors and awards

1916 — special honor from the German Chemical Society 1919 — appointment as honorary professor of inorganic chemistry at the Königlichen Technischen Hochschule CharlottenburgTechnische Universität Berlin: Sammlung anorganischer Präparate - Anorganisches Laboratorium. - Vorstand Karl Andreas Hofmann befasste sich mit radioaktiven Stoffen.

References

External links Archivdaten der Humboldt-Universität

zeitgenössische Unterlagen aus Zeit der Weimarer Republik, Dankesschreiben des Rektors Dezember 1934