The Napoleon Opening is an irregular chess opening starting with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Qf3
As with the similar Danvers Opening (2.Qh5), White hopes for the scholar's mate (2...Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Qxf7), but Black can easily avoid the attack.
History The Napoleon Opening is named after the French general and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had a deep love of chess but was said to be a mediocre player.Murray, H.J.R. A History of Chess (London: Oxford University Press), 1913, p. 877. The name came into use after mid-nineteenth century publications reported that he played this opening in an 1809 game that he lost to The Turk, a fake chess automaton operated at the time by chess master and theoretician Johann Allgaier.Murray, H.J.R. A Short History of Chess (London: Oxford University Press), 1963 posthumously, p. 79.
Assessment The Napoleon is a weak opening because it the white queen prematurely and subjects it to attack, and deprives the white of its best development square.
See also List of chess openings List of chess openings named after people
References
External links Napoleon vs. The Turk, Schönbrunn Palace, 1809