Established in 2011, the Renminbi Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (RQFII) program is a policy initiative that allows foreign investors who hold the RQFII quota to invest directly in mainland China's bond and equity markets. The program represents a continued loosening of China's capital controls and departure from its predecessor QFII. The RQFII program relaxes existing restrictions on currency settlement, adds permissible asset classes, and expands investor eligibility. The current RQFII relevant jurisdiction applies to financial organizations registered in Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom, France, Korea, Germany, Australia, Switzerland, Canada, the United States and Luxembourg.State Administration of Foreign Exchange

History As the second largest economy in the world, China represents a key driver of global growth. Although the Renminbi has been elevated to reserve currency status, only 10.3% of global trade is done through the currency (as of 2015).Trade growth to remain subdued in 2016 as uncertainties weigh on global demand World Trade Organization, April 7, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-14. China Promoting International Use of RMB Global Trade, February 12, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-14. Because of this imbalance, the Chinese government has undertaken measures in recent years to open the country's capital account.

The Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor (QFII) program was launched in 2002. Primary aims were letting financial institutions outside China invest in China's stock and bond markets. However, it was limited to certain financial institutions such as commercial banks, securities companies, insurance companies, and securities with no less than US$500 million.

Acknowledging that further action was necessary, RQFII was jointly established in December 2011 by the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the People's Bank of China, and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange. It allows subsidiaries of domestic fund management companies and securities companies in Hong Kong to invest in the mainland securities market.What is QFII and RQFII? Shanghai Stock Exchange. Retrieved 2016-07-14. Initially, RMB 20 billion of quota was divided among 21 selected financial services firms in Hong Kong. The available quota was increased steadily throughout 2012 during the rollout of Phases II and III of the plan, rising from RMB 50 billion to RMB 70 billion in quota and topping out to 270 RMB billion by the year's end. Launching Phase IV of the program in 2013 allowed for inclusion of firms based in Singapore and London. 2014 saw inclusion of firms based in Paris and Taiwan.

Available Instruments The RQFII scheme applies to the following instruments:

Exchange-listed or transferred A-share (not including the New Third Board) Bonds, warrants, and inter-bank market fixed income products (not including repo, ABS, etc.) Mutual funds and aggregate asset management plans issued by mutual fund managers or brokerage houses (not including subsidiaries of these institutions or priority-inferior funds, etc.) Stock index futures Stock IPOs, issuance of convertible bonds, placements and additional offerings, etc. Other instruments approved by CSRC

Eligible Applicants

The RQFII program is open to two categories of investors: Applicants in the Relevant Jurisdictions that are subsidiaries of Chinese fund management companies, Chinese securities companies, Chinese commercial banks, and Chinese insurance companies Financial institutions that are registered in a Relevant Jurisdiction and with a principal place of business in a Relevant Jurisdiction

The RQFII eligible jurisdictions are currently Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom, France, Korea, Germany, Australia, Switzerland, Canada, the United States, and Luxembourg.State Administration of Foreign Exchange

RQFII vs QFII

RQFII QFII Regulator CSRC, SAFE CSRC, SAFE Criteria of Applicants Commercial Banks In operation for more than 10 years Securities AUM no less than US$5 billion Tier 1 Capital no less than US$300 million Securities Companies In operation for more than 5 years Securities AUM no less than US$5 billion Capital no less than US$500 million AMC, insurance companies and other institutions Business experience of more than 2 years Securities AUM no less than US$500 million A financial institution that Has a healthy financial condition, a good credit standing, and its domicile and business qualification meet the requirements of the CSRC Has effective corporate governance and internal controls, and has practitioners who meet the relevant professional qualification requirements of the residential country or region Operates its business in a compliant manner and has not been subject to serious penalties that are meted out by any regulators of its domicile in the last three years or since its inception; and Other requirements stipulated by the CSRC in accordance with the principle of prudential regulation Lock-up Period for Open-ended Fund None 3 months Fund Repatriation 100% principal after lock-up period 20% of principal net worth at the end of past year every monthChina Securities Regulatory Commission

Top 20 RQFII Quota Holders

Name of Institution Place of domicile Qualification approval date Approved Quota (in USD, million) CSOP Asset Management Ltd Hong Kong 9/22/2014 $6,891 Vanguard Investment Australia Ltd Australia 1/27/2016 $4,484E Fund Management (HK) Co., Limited Hong Kong 5/30/2014 $4,066 China Asset Management (Hong Kong) Limited Hong Kong 7/26/2013 $3,259 BlackRock (Singapore) Limited Singapore 5/30/2016 $2,990 Harvest Global Investment Limited Hong Kong 9/22/2014 $2,203 Haitong International Holdings Limited Hong Kong 8/26/2014 $1,599 Bosera Asset Management (International) Co., Ltd Hong Kong 8/26/2014 $1,435 Shinhan BNP Paribas Asset Management Co., Ltd Korea 4/28/2015 $1,196 Taikang Asset Management(Hong Kong) Company Limited Hong Kong 8/26/2014 $1,106 Guoyuan Securities (Hong Kong) Hong Kong 8/26/2014 $1,091 Guotai Junan Financial Holdings Hong Kong 5/30/2014 $1,031 China Life Franklin Asset Management Co., Ltd Hong Kong 8/26/2014 $972 Carmignac Gestion France 6/29/2015 $897 Lyxor Asset Management France 5/29/2015 $897 Deutsche Asset & Wealth Management Germany 3/26/2015 $897 ABCI Asset Management Limited Hong Kong 7/30/2014 $792 GIC Private Limited Singapore 4/28/2015 $747 Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd Switzerland 7/29/2015 $747 Generali Investments Luxembourg S.A. Luxembourg 4/28/2016 $747 人民币合格境外机构投资者（RQFII）投资额度审批情况表（截至2016年6月29日）, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, June 30, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-14.

References