Calhoun County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 134,310. The county seat is Marshall. The county was established on October 19, 1829, and named after John C. Calhoun, who was at the time Vice President under Andrew Jackson, making it one of Michigan's Cabinet counties. County government was first organized on March 6, 1833. Calhoun County comprises the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area and is included in the Kalamazoo-Battle Creek-Portage Combined Statistical Area.

Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.7%) is water.

Geographic features Kalamazoo River Battle Creek River St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan) Goguac Lake Lyon Lake

Adjacent counties Eaton County - north Barry County - northwest Jackson County - east Kalamazoo County - west Hillsdale County - southeast Branch County - south St. Joseph County - southwest

History The Kalamazoo River oil spill occurred in July 2010 when a pipeline operated by Enbridge (Line 6B) burst and flowed into Talmadge Creek, a tributary of the Kalamazoo River. A six-foot break in the pipeline resulted in the largest inland oil spill, and one of the costliest spills in U.S. history. The pipeline carries diluted bitumen (dilbit), a heavy crude oil from Canada's Athabasca oil sands to the United States. Following the spill, the volatile hydrocarbon diluents evaporated, leaving the heavier bitumen to sink in the water column. Thirty-five miles of the Kalamazoo River were closed for clean-up until June 2012, when portions of the river were re-opened. On March 14, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered Enbridge to return to dredge portions of the river to remove submerged oil and oil-contaminated sediment.

Demographics

Racial and ethnic composition +Calhoun County, Michigan – Racial and ethnic compositionRace / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 1980Pop 1990Pop 2000Pop 2010 Pop 2020% 1980% 1990% 2000% 2010% 2020White alone (NH)124,353117,299113,723108,664100,38587.85%86.26%82.42%79.81%74.74%Black or African American alone (NH)13,46914,25814,91214,63014,2759.51%10.49%10.81%10.75%10.63%Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)4526597877146830.32%0.48%0.57%0.52%0.51%Asian alone (NH)5411,0441,5162,1543,7150.38%0.77%1.10%1.58%2.77%Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH)x included in the Asian category in the 1980 Censusx included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census274529xx0.02%0.03%0.02%Other race alone (NH)3091391581425530.22%0.10%0.11%0.10%0.41%Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)x not an option in the 1980 Censusx not an option in the 1990 Census2,5113,6207,244xx1.82%2.66%5.39%Hispanic or Latino (any race)2,4332,5834,3516,1777,4261.72%1.90%3.15%4.54%5.53%Total141,557135,982137,985136,146134,310 100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 134,310. The median age was 40.5 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18 and 18.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.0 males age 18 and over.

The racial makeup of the county was 76.5% White, 10.8% Black or African American, 0.7% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.8% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 2.1% from some other race, and 7.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 5.5% of the population.

67.7% of residents lived in urban areas, while 32.3% lived in rural areas.

There were 54,406 households in the county, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 42.5% were married-couple households, 20.3% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 28.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 59,518 housing units, of which 8.6% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 69.9% were owner-occupied and 30.1% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.9%.

2010 census

The 2010 United States census indicates Calhoun County had a 2010 population of 136,146. This is a decrease of -1,839 people from the 2000 United States census. Overall, the county had a -1.3% growth rate during this ten-year period. In 2010 there were 54,016 households and 35,220 families in the county. The population density was 192.8 per square mile (74.4 square kilometers). There were 61,042 housing units at an average density of 86.4 per square mile (33.4 square kilometers). The racial and ethnic makeup of the county was 79.8% White, 10.7% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 4.5% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races.

There were 54,016 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.3% were husband and wife families, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.8% were non-families, and 28.8% were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.2% under age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.5 males.

The 2010 American Community Survey 1-year estimate indicates the median income for a household in the county was $42,921 and the median income for a family was $49,964. Males had a median income of $25,712 versus $18,298 for females. The per capita income for the county was $20,661. About 11.7% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under the age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics

The county government operates the jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget but has only limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions — police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc. — are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.

Calhoun County is a swing county in presidential elections. Beginning in 1964, it has voted for the winner of the national election every time except in 1976 (instead backing native Michigander Gerald Ford), 2000, and 2020.

Elected officials Prosecuting Attorney: David E. Gilbert Sheriff: Steven Hinkley County Clerk/Register of Deeds: Kimberly A. Hinkley County Treasurer: Brian Wensauer Water Resource Commissioner: Tommy Miller

(information as of October 2020)

Communities Cities Albion Battle Creek Marshall (county seat) Springfield

Villages Athens Burlington Homer Tekonsha Union City (partial)

Charter townships Bedford Charter Township Emmett Charter Township Pennfield Charter Township

Census-designated places Brownlee Park Level Park-Oak Park

Other unincorporated communities

Albion Landing Babcock Beadle Lake Bedford Bentleys Corners Ceresco Charlotte Landing Clarence Center Clarendon Condit Duck Lake East Leroy Eckford Greenfield Park Joppa Lee Center Maplehurst Marengo Old Mill Gardens Orchard Park Partello Pennfield Pine Creek Pine Creek Indian Reservation Rice Creek Sonoma Springfield Place Stanley Corners Sunrise Heights (subdivision) Verona Walnut Point Wattles Park West Leroy Wrights Corners

Townships

Albion Township Athens Township Burlington Township Clarence Township Clarendon Township Convis Township Eckford Township Fredonia Township Homer Township Lee Township Leroy Township Marengo Township Marshall Township Newton Township Sheridan Township Tekonsha Township

Historical markers There are 83 recognized Michigan historical markers in the county.

Education K-12 school districts include: - Text list

Athens Area Schools Battle Creek Public Schools Bellevue Community Schools Climax-Scotts Community School District Gull Lake Community Schools Harper Creek Community Schools Hastings Area School District Homer Community Schools Lakeview School District Litchfield Community Schools Marshall Public Schools Olivet Community Schools Pennfield School District Springport Public Schools Tekonsha Community Schools Union City Community Schools

There is also one elementary school district, Mar Lee School District.

See also List of Michigan county name etymologies List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Calhoun County National Register of Historic Places listings in Calhoun County, Michigan List of counties in Michigan

References

External links Calhoun Intermediate School District

Calhoun County courts Calhoun County government

National Register of Historic Places National Register of Historic Places.com - unofficial website Calhoun County, Michigan History and Genealogy