Louis-François-Marie Nicolaïe (28 January 1811Municipal Archives of Lyon, scanned-civil status register of 1811 births, act n° 359 (vue 25/328), Les témoins à l'acte sont Louis-François Ribié, directeur du Théâtre des Célestins and Louis-Jacques Solomé, "dramatic artist residing at said theater" – 8 February 1879Digital archives of the City of Paris, civil status of the 10th arrondissement, registry 1879 deaths, act n°578), better known as Clairville, was a 19th-century French comedian, poet, chansonnier, goguettier and playwright.

Biography Son of the Lyonese playwright and stage manager Alexandre-Henri Nicolaïe dit Clairville (died 1832),Reconstructed archives of the city of Paris, file 7/51 he began in 1821 in Paris at the Luxembourg Theater as actor with Madame Saqui, then as stage manager and finally, from 1837, exclusively as playwright.. He later joined the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, playing small roles and developed his craft as a playwright, finding that to be his true vocation. He first conceived a revue titled 1836 dans la lune, the success of which would launch his career. His plays included comedies, serious plays, revues, féeries, satires and parodies. In 1846 a revue of his was produced at the Théâtre du Vaudeville: Les Dieux d'Olympe à Paris, in which the gods, bored with their existence on Mount Olympus, come to Paris intent on pleasure. Kracauer states that its "motif being the conquest of boredom by unbridled pleasure, it might almost be regarded as a precursor of Offenbach's great operettas".Kracauer, Siegfried. Jacques Offenbach and the Paris of his time. Constable and Company Ltd, London, 1937, p.90.

He is credited with at least 230 miscellaneous pieces of which 50 have reached one hundred representations followed.Arnold Mortier, in his Soirées parisiennes 1874-1884, called him "The man with inexhaustible cards" but concluded that some of these plays may have been counterfeited. He was particularly known for his comédies en vaudeville. He was assisted, from the beginning of his career, by his friend Edward Miot. His group of his collaborators grew to include Dumanoir, Dennery, Nicot and Cordier. They drew inspiration from the news of the day. Clairville collaborated with other authors, including the Cogniard brothers, Lambert-Thiboust, Paul Siraudin, Victor Koning, Henri Chivot and Alfred Duru, Édouard Plouvier, Alfred Delacour for plays and operettas.

Clairville was an active member of the fourth Société du Caveau, of which he was president in 1871.

"Clarville doesn't not compose, he makes ... kind of literary thrift store, where old threadbare words and buried puns are dressed to the nine," wrote Henri Rochefort; but he added, "not an administrative measure, not a weird ad, not a new invention that Mr. Clarville has not set in a script or turned into couplets. This is the man of the review and parody par excellence."

In 1853, he published Chansons et Poésies, a collection of rhymes, from the ribald songs, "which are sung in the desert" according to Albert Blanquet, to the touching simplicity of the poems. He was awarded the cross of Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur in 1857.

In 1870, he composed the song Les Deux Canailles,Clairville, Les Deux Canailles, Le Caveau 1871. in response to the songAlexis Bouvier on . La Canaille by Alexis Bouvier. In 1871, he wrote at least two anti-communard songs: L'InternationaleClairville, L'Internationale, Le Caveau 1872. where he gave his vision of the "Internationale ouvrière" as a collection of bandits, and La CommuneClairville, La Commune, Le Caveau 1872. in which he called for the massacre of Communards.

Clairville died of pneumonia on 8 February 1879.« Nécrologie », Le Temps, 10 February 1879, pp.2-3.« Mort de Clairville » Le Petit Parisien, 10 February 1879, pp.2-3.Courrier des théâtres, Le Figaro, 8 February 1879, pp. 3-4 After the funeral at Église Saint-Eugène-Sainte-Cécile in Paris on 10 February, he was buried at Montmartre Cemetery.Le Figaro (11 February 1879). "Courrier des théâtres", p. 3

Family Clairville had two sons. The composer Édouard-François Nicolaïe, known as Clairville fils (1854–1904) was from his marriage with Angélique Gabrielle Pagès. Charles-Albert Nicolaïe, known as "Clairvoyance" (1833–1892), an employee at the Comptoir d'Escompte de Paris, was born of an affair with Augustine Philippon. Claiville was the uncle of the playwright and librettist Charles-Victor Nicolaïe, known as Charles Clairville (1855-1927).

Selected works Clairville's plays written in collaboration with leading playwrights of his time or that continue to be presented, include the following:

1843: Les Hures-Graves with Dumanoir and Alfred Delacour 1845: Les Pommes de terre malades with Dumanoir 1845: Le Petit Poucet with Dumanoir 1846: Gentil-Bernard ou l'Art d'aimer with Dumanoir 1846: Colombe et Perdreau with Jules Cordier 1846: La Femme électrique with Jules Cordier 1847: Éther, Magnétisme et Hatchis with Jules Cordier 1847: Léonard le perruquier with Dumanoir 1848: La propriété, c'est le vol with Jules Cordier 1848: L'Avenir dans le passé ou les Succès au paradis with Jules Cordier 1848: Le Club des maris ou le Club des femmes with Jules Cordier 1848: Les Parades de nos pères with Dumanoir and Jules Cordier 1848: Les Lampions de la veille et les Lanternes du lendemain with Dumanoir 1849: Les Marraines de l'an III with Dumanoir 1849: Exposition des produits de la République with Eugène Labiche and Dumanoir 1850: Lully ou les Petits Violons de Mademoiselle with Dumanoir 1850: Le Bourgeois de Paris ou les Leçons au pouvoir with Dumanoir and Jules Cordier 1851: Le Duel au baiser with Éléonore Tenaille de Vaulabelle (alias Jules Cordier). One-act comedy mingled with couplets. 1852: Les Coulisses de la vie with Dumanoir 1852: La Femme aux œufs d'or with Dumanoir 1853: Les Folies dramatiques with Dumanoir 1858: Turlututu chapeau pointu with Édouard Martin and Albert Monnier, music by Léon Bovery 1860: La Fille du Diable with Paul Siraudin and Lambert-Thiboust 1860: Daphnis et Chloé with Jules Cordier, music by Jacques Offenbach 1863: Peau d'âne, féerie in 4 acts and 20 tableaux, with Louis-Émile Vanderburch and Laurencin, music by Léon Fossey, Théâtre de la Gaîté (14 August) 1864: La Revue pour rien ou Roland à Ronge-Veau, with Paul Siraudin and Ernest Blum, music by Hervé 1869: Le Mot de la fin with Paul Siraudin 1869: Paris-Revue with Paul Siraudin and William Busnach 1872: La revue n'est pas au coin du quai with Paul Siraudin and Victor Koning 1872: Héloïse et Abélard avec William Busnach, music by Henry Litolff 1872: La fille de Madame Angot with Paul Siraudin and Victor Koning, music by Charles Lecocq 1873: Les cent vierges music by Charles Lecocq 1874: La Belle au bois dormant, music by Henry Litolff 1877: Les cloches de Corneville with Charles Gabet, music by Robert Planquette

References

Further reading Ferdinand Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographie Générale, t.10 William Duckett, Dictionnaire de la conversation et de la lecture, 1853 Eugène de Mirecourt, Clairville, Eugène Labiche, Librairie des contemporains, Paris, 1869 Adolphe Bitard, Dictionnaire biographique, 1878

External links Clairville on Wikisource Clairville on